Permanent ponds or lakes with fish

lake

body of water of considerable size surrounded by land

largest lakes by surface area

caspian sea, and lake superior

largest lakes by volume and depth

baikal and tanganyika

fish change

everything bout the ecology of a freshwater ecosystem

food chains

animals linked together by food and all dependent in the long run upon plants

trophic level

#of steps it is from photosynthesis

trophic cascades

when predators suppress the abundance of their prey thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation

summer and winter kills lose

trophic levels

impact of fish on freshwater ecosystems

alter species composition, reduce prey size, lower prey activity levels, and trigger trophic cascades

mechanism of fish increasing lake water temp

fish eat zooplankton allowing phytoplankton to boom; denser algae absorbs more sunlight heating surface of the water

predator shadow

consuming effect that emerging predators cast on adjacent terrestrial habitats after metamorphosing from aquatic larval stages

effect of fish stocking on plant pollination

fish consume dragonfly larvae, reducing dragonflies that eat pollinators; more pollinators survive increasing plant pollination

effect of fish stocking on rosy finches

fish decimate mayfly populations leading to a sixfold reduction in finches feeding near lakes

effect of fish stocking on garter snake

fish prey on amphibian larvae, reducing adult amphibian populations and causing a decline in garter snake populations

why trophic cascades are stronger in aquatic ecosystems

larger herbivore to producer size ratios, more nutritious producers and 3x higher herbivore consumption rates