Art History In Class Quiz #2

Image IDs, key vocab, common comparisons

Imperial Diet

The main legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Empire, made up of representatives from the empire’s estates/territories; convened to discuss and decide on matters of governance, law, and policy.

Image ID

Self Portrait, Albrecht Dürer, 1500, oil on panel.

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San Giobbe Altarpiece, Giovanni Bellini, c. 1487, oil on panel.

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The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Albrecht Dürer, 1498, woodcut.

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The Last Judgement, Hans Memling, c. late 1460s, oil on panel.

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Melencolia I, Albrecht Dürer, 1514, engraving.

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Large Piece of Turf, Albrecht Dürer, 1503, watercolour, pen and ink.

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Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece), Workshop of Robert Campin, 1427-1432, oil on panel.

Naturalism

A true-to-life style which involves the representation of depiction of nature (including people) with the least possible distortion of interpretation.

Cabinet of curiosity (wunderkammer; studiolo)

rooms or cabinets designed to house and display the ‘wonders’ of the world (diverse objects from around the world).

Life casting

the practice of making sculptures using molds taken from real-life plants and animals, and it can result in astonishingly detailed and lifelike representations.

Image ID

Writing Box, Wenzel Jamnitzer (attributed), 1560-70, cast silver.

Automaton/a

a moving mechanical or clockwork device, often made in imitation of a human being.

Image ID

The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533, oil on oak.

Foreshortening

the technique of depicting an object or human body in a picture to produce an illusion of projection or extension in space.

Anamorphic Image

an image that has been artificially stretched in perspective. the image appears normal when viewed from a particular point or with a suitable mirror or lens.

Memento Mori (“remember you must die”)

a symbolic trope acting as a reminder of the inevitability of death.

Image ID

Portrait of Henry VIII, Workshop of Hans Holbein, 1537, oil on panel.

Body politic/the body mortal

The body MORTAL (or body natural) will age and die as all humans do.

The body POLITIC is immortal and represents the ongoing role of government that will continue long after the monarch’s death.

Image ID

The Armada Portrait, George Gower, 1588, oil on panel

Mask of Youth

Images of Elizabeth I that adopted a standardized image of ageless beauty.

Divine right of kings

a political doctrine that asserted that kings derived their authority from God and could not therefore be held accountable for their actions by any earthly authority.

Absolutism

A form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by all other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites.

Image ID

Banqueting House, Whitehall, Inigo Jones, 1619-1622.

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Banqueting House (INTERIOR), Whitehall, Inigo Jones, 1619-1622.

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Charles I with M. de St Antoine, Anthony van Dyck, 1633, oil on canvas.

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Charles I at the Hunt (Le Roi à la Chasse), Anthony van Dyck, c. 1635, oil on canvas.

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Queen Henrietta Maria, Anthony van Dyck, 1638, oil on canvas.

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William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, Anthony van Dyck, 1633-1634, oil on canvas.

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The School of Athens, Raphael, 1509-11, fresco.

Atmospheric/aerial perspective

describes the effect generated far away objects take on the colors of atmospheric haze.

Image ID

Sistine Chapel ceiling, Michelangelo, 1508-12, fresco.

Terribilità

An artist’s ability to instill a sense of awe in viewers of their art.

Ignudi

Decorative, male nude figures that decorate Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes.

Image ID

Last Judgement, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, 1534-41, fresco.

Council of Trent

A committee of princes of the Church who met in Trento (Trent), in Italy, and issued key statements and clarifications of the Church’s doctrine and teachings in the wake of the Reformation.

Caravaggio (Painter)

Painting directly from live models; fierce commitment not only to naturalism but to realism and the everyday; dramatic, psychological use of light effects.

Image ID

The Calling of Saint Matthew, Caravaggio, 1599-1600, oil on canvas

Chiaroscuro

The purposeful contrast of light and shade; often visible in areas of highlight place right up against areas of shadow.

Tenebrism

A style of painting using especially pronounced chiaroscuro, or dramatic contrasts of light and dark. Darkness is a dominating feature of the image.

Realism

An interest in faithfully depicting people and things from everyday life. Often somewhat ‘gritty’ in mood, there is frankness in the treatment of figures and spaces.

Image ID

Judith Slaying Holofernes, Artemisia Gentileschi, 1620-1621, oil on canvas

Image ID

Saint Peters Basilica, og Bramante, Vatican City, begun 1506, completed 1626

Image ID (façade of St Peters Basilica)

Carlo Maderno, 1614

Image ID

Pietà, Michelangelo, 1498-1499, St. Peters Basilica, marble

Baldacchino (Baldachin)

a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. it had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature.

Solomonic column

a helical column, characterized by a spiraling twisting shaft like a corkscrew

Image ID

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (‘Carlino’), Francesco Borromini, 1638-1646

Folly

an architectural structure constructed primarily for the ornamentation of a landscape or architectural setting

Forced perspective

a technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is. it manipulates human visual perception through the use of scaled objects and the correlation between them and the vantage point of the spectator.

Image ID

The Abduction of Proserpina, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1621-1622, marble

Naturalia

Objects from the natural world

Artificialia

Man-made objects

Technē

Technology or machinery

Mannerism

Meaning simply “style,” mannerism is sometimes defined as the “stylish style” for its emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction.

Image ID

Villa d’Este, Tivoli, c.1550-70

Image ID

Pirro Ligorio, Rometta Fountain 1567-70, Villa d’Este, Tivoli

Giochi d’acqua

A water game or prank device that splashed unwitting guests

Image ID

Sacro Bosco, designed by Pirro Ligorio, sculptures by Simone Moschino, begun 1552, Bomarzo

Image ID

Hell Mouth (Orcus), mid to late 16th century, Sacro Bosco, Bomarzo

Grotesque

A style of ornament characterized by fanciful or fantastic human and animal figures that distort the natural into absurdity, ugliness, or caricature.