PSCI 1201 Richard Randall (1st test)

Procedural Democrats

Majority rule; makes decisions

Principled Democrats

Minority rights; protects values

Paradox of Democracy

Majority rule isn't compatible with minority rights

Direct Democracy

citizens make laws without representatives

Indirect Democracy

People vote for representatives to make laws

delegates

vote for wishes of the people

trustees

votes for interests of the people

Pluralism

government responding to groups

Iron Law of Oligarchy

only few have power in a group

Oldest function of government

Order

number one political value for Americans

freedom

Negative freedoms

freedom from government rules (civil liberties)

Positive freedoms

freedom to do whatever (civil rights)

Constitutionalism

restraint of political power

Magna Carta

limited power of monarch and recognized rights of aristocrats

social contract theorists

believed in consent of the people and to serve the people

State of Nature

Hobbes: without government life would be a struggle of survival

Natural Rights

Life, Liberty, and PROPERTY

Montesquieu

Influenced Madison for the Separation of Powers and Social Contract

Outcomes of the Colonial Experience

lasted 150+ years, the British saw colonists as a source of raw materials, thus creating regional loyalties and crisis of identity

Stamp Act during 7 years war

1st proposed DIRECT TAX on colonists

Townsend Acts

1767; import tax on glass, paper, lead, paint, and tea

Common Sense

(T-Paine) Questions whether the British public policy has THE RIGHT to rule

Writer of Dec. of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence declares...

Life, Liberty and PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS

1st Constitution of the US

Articles of Confederation

Politics relied on the states

Articles of Confederation Stated:

2/3rd vote

# of votes require to PASS laws

lacked a president and the ability to tax

Articles were weak because...

National supremacy

when people believe national government should be STRONGER than the articles

27

# of amendments of the constitution

# of electoral votes

house+senate votes

3/5ths compromise

slaves were only 3/5ths a free person for tax and representation purposes

IIMPORTATION of slaves

Congress banned

import taxes

congress is allowed to tax

separation of powers & checks and balances

Madison believed in these

legislature choice

senators are chosen

electors choice

president is chosen

Federalists

Supported the constitution

Anti-federalists

didn't support constitution, lacked a bill of rights

Ratification to the constitution

written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

PROPOSING to ratify and amendment

2/3rds from both houses needed to go to states

ratifying an amendment at the STATES

3/4ths of states needed to ratify AND ADD to the constitution

Federalism

constitutional division of power between national government and states

10% of Countries

% of federalist countries

Unitary

California's relationship with the national government and its 58 counties

Advantages of Federalism

permits diversity, innovation, and pluralism

Political Culture

distinctive ways of looking at politics

Moralistic (direct democracy)

dominant political view of the WEST

False

T/F most states have all 3 provisions of direct democracy

initiative, referendum and recall

3 provisions of direct democracy

Initiative

voters can PROPOSE and ratify a law

Referendum

government officials propose and VOTERS ratify

Recall

voters can GET RID OF officials before term ending

Grey Davis

one governor that was recalled

Individualistic Political Culture

Dominant political culture of the NORTH

Politics

Getting things for yourself and your followers

Traditionalistic Political Culture (discouraged participation)

Dominant political culture of the SOUTH

The Supremacy Clause

Article VI (6) of the Constitution

federal laws are supreme over state laws

protection of article VI

McCulloch vs Maryland

congress cannot charter and MARYLAND cannot tax the bank

Roger Taney

He was the Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court

Dredscott vs Sandford

Congress cannot regulate slavery in territories

add of income tax and allowed national government to control in federalism

the conclusions of the 16th amendment

Dual Federalism

national government AND the states are COMPETITORS with SEPARATE powers

The Supreme Courts rule for Dual Federalism

they Resolve disputes between national government and states in dual federalism

Cooperative Federalism

The vision of Federalism we associate with the Great Depression

Johnson and Poverty

declared an unconditional war on poverty which created the most new grant programs

Nixon and Clinton both took a managerial view of federalism

Primary goal was to make it more EFFICIENT and reduce COMPLEXITY of intergovernmental relations

Nixon advocations

Advocates for block grants

Block Grants

money for broad policy areas

Flexibility within tax dollars and return programs

Nixon's idea of flexibility

less flexibility with more costs by the states for return programs

Reagan's idea of LESS FLEXIBILITY

90% of federal grant money

the amount of money that is categorical

Categorical Grant

Most popular grant type

COOPERATIVE federalism operation

SHARED costs

full faith & credit

states accept the acts and records of other states as valid