Glycolysis and Fermentation Notes

Flashcards covering the phases of glycolysis, ATP consumption and yield, and comparison of lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.

Glycolysis

The first step in cellular respiration that takes place in the cytosol, begins the breakdown of glucose, and does not require oxygen.

Investment Phase

The early phase of glycolysis that invests energy before the payoff, consuming $2\text{ ATP}$ to split one 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon molecules.

Steps 1–3 (Glycolysis)

The stages of glycolysis that spend $2\text{ ATP}$ to prepare glucose.

Payoff Phase (Steps 6–10)

The phase of glycolysis where the yield is $4\text{ ATP}$ ($2\text{ ATP}$ put in, $4\text{ ATP}$ come out), $2\text{ NADH}$, and $2\text{ pyruvate}$.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A fermentation process where pyruvate becomes lactate, no carbon dioxide is released, and $NADH$ returns to $NAD^+$.

Alcoholic Fermentation

A fermentation process where pyruvate releases carbon dioxide to form ethanol, and $NADH$ returns to $NAD^+$.