Lab 1 Study

What is anatomical position and its importance

standing, feet apart, arms by side, palms out. provides standard reference point

Sagittal

vertical (right and left)

Frontal/Coronal

Vertically (front and back)

Transverse

Horizontal (top and bottom)

1 (top left)

Cephalic

2 (second from top left)

Cervical

3 (third from top left)

Thoracic

4 (fourth from top left)

Abdominal

5 (fifth from top left)

Pubic

6 (middle top)

Upper limb

7 (second down in middle)

Manus

8 (third down in middle)

Lower limb

9 (fourth down in middle)

Pedal

10 (top right)

Cephalic

11 (second from top right)

Cervical

12 (third from top right)

Back

What does the axial skeleton consist of

skull, spine, ribs

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

head, neck and trunk

Closest to the point of attachment to the trunk

proximal

Beneath the surface of the body

deep

Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk

distal

Toward the surface of the body

superficial

Away from midline

lateral

Below; toward feet

inferior

Toward midline

medial

At the tail end

caudal

Above; closer to head

superior

Toward front of body

anterior

Head of body

cranial

Toward the back end

posterior

What are the body cavities and their importance?

Residence for specific organs; independent function, compartmentalization, prevents infectious spread

1 (far left)

Dorsal body cavity

2 (first in middle)

Cranial cavity

3 (second in middle)

Vertebral cavity

4 (third in middle)

Thoracic cavity

5 (fourth in middle)

Mediastinum

6 (fifth in middle)

Pleural cavity

7 (sixth in middle)

Pericardial cavity

8 (seventh in middle)

Abdominal cavity

9 (eighth in middle)

Pelvic

10 (far right)

Ventral body cavity

What are serous membranes?

double layered tissue membranes that reduce friction

Where are serous membranes found?

Lining of closed venral body cavities and covering the organs

Where does the visceral layer lie?

External surface of organ

Where does the parietal layer lie?

Inner wall of body cavity

Cells that compose the serous membrane secrete a slippery substance called ——— into the space between the two layers of membrane to act as a lubricant.

Serous fluid

1 (first right)

Parietal pleura

2 (second right)

Visceral pleura

3 (top left)

Parietal peritoneum

4 (middle left)

Peritoneal cavity with serous fluid

5 (bottom left)

Visceral peritoneum

What does the oral cavity contain?

Teeth, tongue, and gums

Where does the nasal cavity reside?

Inside and behind the nose

Where do the orbital cavities reside and what do they house?

In the skull; they house the eyes and supporting muscles/nerves

What do the middle ear cavities contain?

Tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear

What are the synovial cavities?

Joint cavities enclosed within fibrous capsules that contain lubricating synovial fluid

What are quadrants?

4 main divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

What are regions?

9 smaller subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

1 (top left)

Right upper quadrant

2 (top right)

Left upper quadrant

3 (bottom left)

Right lower quadrant

4 (bottom right)

Left lower quadrant

1 (top left)

Right hypochondriac region

2 (top middle)

Epigastric region

3 (top right)

Left hypochondriac region

4 (middle left)

Right lumbar region

5 (center)

Umbilical region

6 (middle right)

Left lumbar region

7 (bottom left)

Right iliac region

8 (bottom middle)

Hypogastric region

9 (bottom right)

Left iliac region

1 (top left)

Lung

2 (second left)

Liver

3 (third left)

Gallbladder

4 (fourth left)

Kidney

5 (fifth left)

Bladder

6 (top right)

Heart

7 (second right)

Aorta

8 (third right)

Spleen

9 (fourth right)

Stomach

10 (fifth right)

Pancreas

11 (sixth right)

Small intestine

12 (seventh right)

Large intestine