CNPS 331 MT

3 Levels of Communication

Strategic, Interpersonal, Mass

Strategic, Tactical, Operational

SIM

STO

False narratives resonate because of

-Uphold public persona

-Confirmation bias

-Dunning-Kruger effect

RICE - reasons for motivation

Reward, Ideology, Coercion, Ego

Why do we communicate

-Build a relationship

-Express feelings

-Inquire

-Inform

-Influence

BEIII

Communication Gap

Public:

Actions

Private:

Intentions

Interpretation

Impact

CPR

Clarify

Paraphrase

Respond Empathetically

Non-Verbal Communication

REGULATE your body

Adopt an OPEN body posture

LEAN toward the person

EYE CONTACT show your present

Face person SQUARELY

3 ways to work through Conflict

Disarming Technique

I Feel Statements

Set time and pace

DIS

5 Levels of Listening

- Ignoring the other person

- Pretending to listen

- Selective listening

- Attentive listening

- Empathetic Listening

IPSAE

Four Stages of Empathetic Listening

-Mimicking content

-Rephrasing content

-Reflecting feelings

-Rephrasing and reflecting

MRRR

Roger's Empathetic Listening

-Multi faceted process

-Listener enters private perceptual world

-moment-to-moment sensitivity

-Confident companion to the person

-put aside subjective views

Empathetic Listening Skills

-Quiet my mind

-Listen fully and openly

-Vow not to interrupt people

-Repeat and capture the emotion

Empathetic Awareness Skills

-recognize inherent dignity

-want to listen

-think of positive qualities

Golden Nugget

-key insight, grievance to develop a cohesive narrative

eg. "Management keeps changing direction"

GN = frustration with inconstistency

Directed Goal: Mission Analysis

Analyze tasks:

-2 levels up

-1 level up

-1 level down

Constraints (must do) Restraints (must not do)

SMART Goal

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed

AI's (LLM) effects on employment

-Decrease due to automation

-Growth: AI related content creation

-Modify: eg. education, counselling

DGM

False Information

Misinformation: misunderstandings

Disinformation: deliberate lie to deceive people

Propaganda

communication of a narrative intended to influence people to think and act in a particular way

What ways can propoganda be executed

Real information

Disinformation

Misinformation

How False Narratives Resonate

Uphold public persona

Confirmation bias

False appeal to authority

Strawman argument

Glittering generalities and name-calling

Dunning-Kruger effect

Appeal to fear and victimhood

Social in-group conformity

Direct anger toward an out-group

Difficulties of Censoring False Information

-Public backlash due to info collateral dmaage

-Difficult to detect and prove

-Censorship cat and mouse game

Censorship Cat and Mouse Game

Favours spreader, LOW cost and difficult to trace back

HIGH reward high damage

Dunning-Kruger Effect

dumb ppl think they smarter than they are, smart ppl thing they dumber than they are

OODA Loop

Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

decision making model designed to help individuals and orgs to make better decisions by continuously collecting feedback and observation

OODA Steps

Observe: gathering info from environment

Orient: info is analyzed and interpreted, understand and make sense

Decide: decision is made

Act: implement the decision

observe the effects of action, resetting the loop

Implementation of OODA

Observe: Interviews (CPR) and ROLES

Orient: Conduct Mission Analysis and Factor Analysis

Decide: Conduct Course of Action Evaluation

Act: Evaluate Results

EBO Components (Effect-based operation)

Physical: actions, organizations, systems, etc

Moral: largely intangible, base where we derive morale

Intellectual: conceptual elements of education

Physical Plane

activities and effects that are tangible, measurable, and easily observed

Factors of Physical Plane

Economic, Political, Developmental, Physical

Psychological Plane

perception and understanding of individuals and groups

Psychological effects

-modify behaviours

-modify perception/understanding

-correlated with physical

Influencing

change the perception and understanding of a person to adopt a certain course of action

RICE:

Framework for understanding core motivations of ppls actions

Reward: ppl motivated when they expect personal gain

Ideology: core belief alignment

Coercion: Fear of punishment

Ego: self image, people want to enhance themselves

Social Media Amplification

Reward - likes

Ideology - core beliefs

coercion - cancel culture

Ego - image

Factors that Influence Perception

Situation: culture and setting

Perceiver: personality and emotions

Target: familiar or not,

SPT

Bruner's Model of Perceptual Process

Selectivity

Constancy

Consistency

Biases in Perception

Primary Effect: rely on first impressions

Recency Effect: recent or last impression

Halo Effect: characteristics of target

Implicit personality theories: characteristics that go together

Projection: project internal thoughts to others

Pygmalion Effect: higher expectations lead to improved performance

Biases in Perception lead to:

Stereotyping: generalize about people

Self-serving bias: take credit for success, deny failures

Actor-observer effect: explaining your actions different than explaining others

Qualitative vs Quantitative Evidence

Qual: subjective

Quant: objective

Culture

customs and beliefs, way of life

Things that Amplify Stereotyping

· Uphold public persona

· Confirmation bias

· False appeal to authority

· Strawman argument

· Glittering generalities and name-calling

· Dunning-Kruger effect

· Appeal to fear and victimhood

· Social in-group conformity

· Direct anger toward an out-group

Physical and Psychological (moral and intellectual) Planes

Micro

- physical (behaviours)

- moral (attitude)

- intellectual (perception)

Macro

- physical (laws and customs)

- moral (cultural identity)

- intellectual (cultural lens)

Cultural Identity

SPECTJ

Society, Power, Environment, Communication, Time, Justice

Cultural Assessment Matrix

PMESII: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure

ASCOPE: Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, Events

PMESII

Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure

ASCOPE

Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, Events

Social Psychology

how thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

Psychoanalysis

theories and techniques for researching unconscious processes and their influence on conscious thought, emotion, behaviour

Types of Psychoanalysis

Freudian: unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories

-focus on childhood experiences and repressed emotions

KEY: We are driven by hidden desires and guilt

Jungian: we act how we do to become whole and understand ourselves

integrate all parts of persona, ego, self, and shadow to self-realize

KEY: Self discovery and balance

Crowd Behaviour

Anonymity: feeling invincible, lack of responsibility

Contagion: spread of behavuour through a crowd eg. sports cheering

Suggestability: crowds are swayed by emotion, open to influence

Successful PR and Advertising Campaigns are:

Emotional Response

Linkage

Association

Engineering Consent

Endorsement

Supports Social Causes

Behaviourism is rooted in the principles of conditioning which include

Classic Conditioning: learning through association

eg. doorbell rings, there is someone at door

Operant Conditioning: Rewards and punishment influence behaviour

eg. dog poops in house, gets shocked, dog stop poop

Environmental Influence: shaped by environmental factors

eg. child whos praised for being polite grows up cooperative

Big 5 Personality Traits

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Factors that impact decision-making

Validity

Cultural Context

Social Influences

Understanding personalities