Week 11 Medical Terminology

endocrin/o

Endocrine system or secretion within

aden/o

Gland

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

Pituitary gland

thyroid/o, thyr/o

Thyroid gland

parathyroid/o

Parathyroid gland

adrenal/o

Adrenal gland

cortic/o

Cortex or outer layer

pancreat/o

Pancreas

gonad/o

Gonad

thym/o

Thymus

glyc/o, gluc/o

Sugar or glucose

ket/o

Ketone

calc/o

Calcium

lip/o, adip/o

Fat

troph/o

Nourishment or development

orex/o

Appetite

sit/o

Food

phag/o

Eating or swallowing

metabol/o

Metabolism or change

hyper-

Above normal or excessive

hypo-

Below normal or deficient

poly-

Many or excessive

olig/o

Few or deficient

-emia

Blood condition

-uria

Urine condition

-ism

State or condition

-trophy

Development or nourishment

-megaly

Enlargement

-ase

Enzyme

Diabetes mellitus

Group of disorders involving impaired glucose regulation and chronic hyperglycemia

Diabetes insipidus

Disorder of water balance due to reduced vasopressin (ADH) action or kidney response, causing large volumes of dilute urine and often excessive thirst

Insulin

Hormone that promotes glucose uptake and helps regulate blood glucose

Hyperglycemia

Abnormally high blood glucose

Hypoglycemia

Abnormally low blood glucose

Glucosuria

Glucose in the urine

Ketosis

Elevated production or accumulation of ketone bodies

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Potentially life-threatening metabolic acidosis with elevated ketones due to insulin deficiency

Hyperthyroidism

Excess thyroid-hormone production by the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism

Deficient thyroid-hormone activity

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Thyrotoxicosis

Clinical state caused by excessive thyroid hormone

Addison disease

Primary adrenal-cortex insufficiency

Cushing syndrome

Clinical syndrome caused by prolonged exposure to excessive cortisol or other glucocorticoids

Acromegaly

Excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed, causing enlargement of hands, feet, and facial structures

Gigantism

Excess growth hormone before growth plates close, causing excessive linear growth

Pheochromocytoma

Catecholamine-producing tumor, usually of the adrenal medulla

Hypocalcemia

Abnormally low calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

Abnormally high calcium in the blood

Polyuria

Production of an abnormally large volume of urine

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst

Polyphagia

Excessive hunger or eating

Anorexia

Loss or lack of appetite

Metabolism

Chemical processes through which the body uses energy and maintains life

Obesity

Chronic disease involving excessive body-fat accumulation that may impair health

Malnutrition

Deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy or nutrients