Child Development Exam 3

Cortex

Covering of Cerebrum

What is the brain broken up into?

Left and Right Cerebral Hemispheres

How much of the brain is comprised of the cerebral hemisphere (%)?

80%

Folds or crevices in the brain

Fissures (help divide brain into various areas)

2 important fissures

Central and Lateral

Which lobe is the last to develop and at what age?

Frontal, 25 years

Which hemisphere deals with language?

Left hemisphere

Lateralization

Division of the cerebral cortex into two halves

How do the two lobes communicate with each other?

Corpus Collosum

Hypothalamus

Controls eating, drinking, sex, temperature control

Pituitary Gland

Master gland, secretes growth hormone

What is the master gland?

Pituitary gland

What is in charge of thirst?

Hypothalamus

What secretes growth hormones?

Pituitary gland

Amygdala

Part of the limbic system, role in emotional behavior, rage and aggression, matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex does

What system are the amygdala and hippocampus part of?

Limbic system

Why would a teen make an angry impulsive decision?

Their amygdala (anger) matured before their frontal cortex (self control)

Hippocampus

Part of the limbic system, role im memory

Plasticity

creating new synapses and neurons, either to recover or store new information

Two processes that play role in early brain development

Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Pruning

Experience-Expectant Processes

Brain is pre-programmed for certain general experiences, every human in normal environments are expected to have common experiences

Experience Dependent Processes

Brain modification process through which neural connections are created, reorganized throughout life, function of individual unique experiences

Infancy Brain and Cognitive Development

Brain still developing, dramatic increase in synapses and dendrites, frontal lobe is immature, greater neural activity in left hemisphere

Childhood Brain and Cognitive Development

Head and brain grow more rapidly than body, somewhat due to myelination, somewhat due to increase in size and number of dendrites, arborization (branching of axon), changes in parietal lobe

Adolescence Brain and Cognitive Development

Brain does change, mainly corpus collosum, helps with processing info, changes in amygdala (set of emotions like anger or fear) which matures earlier than prefrontal cortex

How many hours does a newborn sleep a day?

16-17 hours

How many months is a newborn?

1-2 months

Baby begins sleeping through night at how many months?

6 months

What time is “sleeping through the night” for babies?

11pm-5am ish

Nighttime Waking

Most common infant sleep problem where baby won’t stop waking up and crying

How much of their time asleep do babies spend in REM?

50%

Time spent in REM sleep goes ____ as age goes up

down

How many hours of sleep do 2-5 year olds get?

11-14 hours

How many hours of sleep do 6-11 year olds get?

9-12 hours

Shared sleeping

Baby sleeps in bed with parents

Most frequent cause of infant death in America?

SIDS

Only ____% of adolescents get 8 or more hours of sleep on school nights

25%

Early Childhood Health

minor injuries like cuts and bruises, motor vehicle accidents number 1 cause of death

Middle to Late Childhood Health

Generally excellent health, common severe injuries or fatalities from motor vehicle accidents, two diseases of concern: cancer and cardiovascular disease

Two types of eating disorders

Bulimia and Anorexia

Risk Factors for SIDS

Abnormal brain stem functioning, low birth weight, low SE status, black american or eskimo (4x more likely), formula fed, exposure to cigarettes, soft bedding, prone positon

How much more likely is a black american or eskimo to have SIDS?

4 times more likely

Too little sleep in adolescence linked to

Risk taking behaviors and substance use

Infant Nutrition

major benefits for breast feeding, mother’s diet affects breast milk, colostrum produced first few days, breastfeeding burns calories

Colostrum

Watery substance produced by mother the first few days after birth in order to help the baby’s digestive system

Childhood Nutrition

Issue not only insufficient food but unhealthy eating habits, overweight is major threat to future help, lack of play plays major role in being overweight

Adolescence Nutrition

Start to see eating disorders, bulimic people are usually only 5lbs off average weight, teeth can turn green from persistent vomit

Neo-Natal Period

Newborns, not completely helpless, react to environment, reflexes respond to stimuli, doctors use reflexes to chart development

Rooting Reflex

Brush cheek and they turn head in direction of the touch

Sucking Reflex

Stroke around or in mouth and they begin to suck