LESSON 2 - PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE (PART 1)

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Last updated 1:08 PM on 10/8/26
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7 Terms

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WHAT ARE THE 4 LOGICS OF AN EXPERIMENT THAT ALLOWS US TO CONCLUDE CAUSATION?

  1. Manipulate something

  2. Control something using a control group

  3. Measure something

  4. If “all else is equal” between experimental and control groups, then our manipulation causes the outcome


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RATIONALE

Hypothesis is grounded in a theoretical rationale


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WHAT IS A RATIONALE BROKEN INTO?

  1. Hypothesis

  • IV

  • DV

  1. Observations

  2. Theory

  3. Past research


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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV)

What is manipulated

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DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV)

Outcome we are measuring

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RANDOM ASSIGNMENT

  • All participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either of the conditions

    • Group

    • Control

    • Experimental

  • Why? It makes ‘all else equal’

  • How? Reducing extraneous variables (things that can explain the changes in the DV, to the IV)


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COMMON RESEARCH DESIGNS

  • Naturalistic: observation without intervention.

    • Pro: more external validity

    • Con: Hawthorne effect, the action of being observed changes your behaviour

  • Survey: gathering information via questionnaires, interviews…

    • Pro: Resource friendly, wider variety of behaviours can be measured

    • Con: Participant biases, lack of causation