MID 2 PSYCH 367

4 types of information required to identify distal stimulus

light sources

reflectance of surfaces

surface orientation

viewing position

what is the inverse projection problem

going from the proximal stimulus to identifying the distal stimulus

what is underdetermination

any 2D image may have many potential 3D sources

contour

border between light and dark areas in an image

what was ganzfeld

sensory deprivation experiment, developed to test for telepathic communication

microsaccades

involuntary eye movements that occur during fixations

what is the purpose of microsaccades

to change the position of the image on the retina

illusory contours

contours not present on the retina, but still affect contour perception

what law is this

proximity

what law is this

similarity

what law is this

good continuation

what law is this

closure

what law is this

common fate

what law this this

meaningfulness / familiarity

what is the Law of Pragnanz

every stimulus pattern is seen in the simplest way

recognition definition

perceiving something as previously experiences

identification definition

naming or classifying an object

what are template theories

compare input to a model/template stored in memory

pros of template theories

successfully used by machines

cons of template theories

intolerant to variations in a stimulus

too many templates required

cannot account for novel stimuli

cannot handle context

pandemonium model is what type of theory

feature-based

4 stages of pandemonium theory

image demon

feature demon

cognitive demon

decision demon

stage 1: image demon

gets sensory input

stage 2: feature demons

analyze input in terms of features

stage 3: cognitive demons

determine which groups of features are present

stage 4: decision demons

identifies pattern by listening for cognitive demon shouting the loudest

pros of pandemonium

feature-detectors physiologically relate to cells in visual system

can identify wide range of stimuli — just specify component features

cons of pandemonium

doesn’t define “feature”

cannot handle Gestalt organizational principles

cannot handle context

computational approach

multi-stage approach that applies precise mathematical formulas