GINGIVA, CEMENTUM, PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, AND ALVEOLAR BONE

Gingival margin / Free gingiva

Attached gingiva

Mucogingival junction

3 parts of gingiva

GINGIVA

Part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes that surrounds the teeth.

texture

color

contour

characteristics of a healthy gingiva

texture

Talks about how healthy it is by looking at it that it forms a stippled, translucent in appearance

stippled

translucent

texture of gingiva Talks about how healthy it is by looking at it that it forms a ____, ___ in appearance

pink or pale pink or coral pink

color of the gingiva

scalloped and knife-edged margin particularly on the marginal gingiva

contour of the gingiva

marginal gingiva

area that covers the neck of the tooth

at the neck of the teeth

50%

cementoenamel junction

marginal gingiva is ___ found on the ___

terminal edge

collar fashion

Marginal gingiva Border (____) of the gingival surrounding the teeth in a ____.

COLLAR FASHION

These are demarcated between the adjacent attached gingiva and the free gingival groove

adjacent attached gingiva

free gingival groove

COLLAR FASHION

These are demarcated between the ____ and the _____

COLLAR FASHION

Forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus that can be separated from the tooth surface by periodontal probe.

periodontal probe

These are calibrated instrument where you can find in color-coded sharp tip of the instrument

Each color is 3 mm. ○ In between colors, is also 3 mm

2-3mm

what is the normal measurement of the pocket of the marginal gingiva.

bone

periodontal problem

Used to probe if there is ___ or _____.

problem

4, 5, 6 mm pocket =

deposits of the teeth

Unhealthy gums/diseased gums because of the presence of ____ that irritated the gum and the gums receded.

Alveolectomy

Contouring the alveolar bone

Gingivectomy

Cutting the gums.

Gingivoplasty

Contouring the gums.

gingival sulcus

Area that has a shallow crevice around the tooth on one side then the other side is lined with epithelium of the free margin of the gingiva

gingival sulcus

The area kapag binuka

attached gingiva

Continuous with the marginal gingiva

attached gingiva

Firm, very resilient, tightly bounded by the underlying alveolar periosteum.

from free marginal gingiva up to the level of alveolar mucos

attached gingiva placement or location

mucogingival junction

gingival sulcus

Width of the attached gingiva demarcates the distance between the ____ from the projection of the bottom of the ____ on the external tooth surface which remains a standard location throughout life to the surface of the gingival margin.

age

However the width of the attached gingiva increases with ____ and as the tooth supraerupt.

interproximal papilla

interdental gingiva other name

interdental gingiva

The gingival embrasure is occupied by the

interdental gingiva/interproximal papilla

it covers the interdental/interproximal space

between the areas of the adjacent contact

where can interdental gingiva be found?

interproximal gingiva

the interproximal space is occupied by the

2

COL

interdental gingiva Comprises by _ papilla by the _

gingival line

Pag binunot yung adjacent =

50% of the cej

Gingival line is a line that can be found on?

variable

However, if there is recession of the gum, the gingival line can be ____.

It is formed by a triangle

HOW DOES THE INTERPROXIMAL SPACE FORM?

HOW DOES THE INTERPROXIMAL SPACE FORM? more detailed

The triangle is formed with its base located on the alveolar bone, and the two sides of the triangle are the proximal surfaces found between the teeth.

The apex of the triangle is the area of contact between the two neighboring teeth, where the contact point of the tooth serves as the apex of the triangle.

COL

Valley-like depression or curvature that conforms to the shape of interproximal tooth contact

COL

It is often absent when the teeth are not in contact.

false

true or flase COL It is often present when the teeth are not in contact.

POCKET

○ Between the neck and the gum tissue.

● Clinical crown and root, anatomical crown and root.

INTERPROXIMAL SPACE

Areas found between adjacent tooth contact.

covers the crest and the outer surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingiva

what oral epithelium covers?

ORAL EPITHELIUM

Covers the free end from the marginal gingiva up to the subportion of the attached gingiva.

oral epithelium.

From the gingival groove up to the border of the attached gingiva is the ___

oral mucosa

Is a mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth.

stratified squamous epithelium

oral epithelium

lamina propria

oral mucosa comprises the_____ called the ___ and the underlying connective tissue is called____

desmosomes

parakeratinized cells

Oral mucosa’s cells, being connected by ____, are interconnected portions of cells to one another, composed of ____.

Desmosomes

Interconnected portions of the cells to one another

Desmosomes

Parakeratinized stratified epithelium which subdivides to different layers.

Cuboidal and Columnal Cell Layer

Spinous Polygonal Layers

layers of the oral epithelium

Granular layers

Comprised of flattened cell called “keratohyaline granules.”

keratohyaline granules.

Granular layer Comprised of flattened cell called “___”

continuous renewal

repair

renew

abrasion

attrition

Sometimes, the oral epithelium undergoes____, but not necessarily all the time. However, it can___ and___ itself to bring back its integrity after some cells are lost due to___ and ___. In this process, new epithelial cells are formed to replace the damaged or shed cells, maintaining the normal function and protection of the oral mucosa.

sulcular epithelium

AKA premarginal gingiva

premarginal epithelium

other name of sulcular epithelium

sulcular epithelium

Lines the gingival sulcus.

coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margins.

Sulcular epithelium Thin layer of non-keratinized squamous epithelium that extends from the ___

semipermeable layer

pliable

Sulcular epithelium These are ___ that the bacteria and irritants pass through the underlying tissues, these are ___.

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM

undergoes continues repair which moves the tooth in a coronal direction to the gingival sulcus.

3-20thick

0.254-1.35 long

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM Comprises a collar-like band of non-keratinized squamous epithelium ___ cells thick and ___ long.

From the coronal part of the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the dentin.

location of junctional epithelium

gingival sulcus

Formed when the tooth erupts into the oral cavity

Apical Zone

Middle Zone

Coronal Zone

3 zones of gingival sulcus

Apical Zone

Comprising the basal germinal cells

basal germinal cells

apical zone comprises of what cell

Middle Zone

Has predominantly adhesive properties.

Coronal zone

Which is quite permeable.

● The junctional epithelium as well as the gingival fibers of the PDL are referred to as the dentogingival unit.

dentogingival unit

The junctional epithelium as well as the gingival fibers of the PDL are referred to as the ____.

keratinized and/or parakeratinized layers

GINGIVAL SULCULAR DEVELOPMENT

The epithelium that covers the outer surface of the marginal gingival and the attached gingival and comprises ____

gingival sulcular epithelium

GINGIVAL SULCULAR DEVELOPMENT

The ___ which is usually non-keratinized, although the keratinization may occur when it is experimentally reflected and exposed to the oral cavity.

REE (reduced enamel epithelium)

basal lamina

GINGIVAL SULCULAR DEVELOPMENT

After amelogenesis, the enamel is covered by the ___ which is attached to the tooth by the ___.

REE

squamous epithelial cells

GINGIVAL SULCULAR DEVELOPMENT

● ___ unites with the oral epithelium to form the epithelial attachment when the tooth erupts to the oral mucosa.

● During this time the cell of REE is replaced by the ___.

ORAL CAVITY

Sometimes called the mirror that reflects the health of the individual.

red and shiny gum tissue

oral cavity indication of gum disease

Bad Breath

Bad oral hygiene.

CEJ

enamel

DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVAL SULCUS

After enamel formation completes, the crown is covered with reduced enamel epithelium (REE), which terminates at . The basal lamina (EAL) lies in contact with _ directly.

oral epithelium

DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVAL SULCUS

When the tooth penetrates oral mucosa, REE fuses with ___.

squamous cell

DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVAL SULCUS

With the tooth eruption, this united epithelium condenses along the crown, and the ameloblasts from the inner layer of REE become ___with time.

gingival sulcus.

where does the gingival fluid can be found?

GINGIVAL FLUID

have presence of immunoglobulins

serum

GINGIVAL FLUID

Total protein content of this fluid is much lower than that of ___.

IgG, IgA, IgM

Complement components of C3 and C4, in addition to plasma proteins albumin and fibrinogen.

C3

C4

albumin

fibrinogen

IgG, IgA, IgM

Complement components of and , in addition to plasma proteins ___ and ___.

IgG

● Compliments as a defense against bacteria and viruses

IgG

● Antibody that can pass/enter to the placenta of mother.

IgA

● Mucosal immunity.

● Found in the secretions (eyes, breast, saliva).

IgM

● Similar to IgG.

● Has defensive action against bacteria and viruses.

C3

● Helps to kill bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.

C4

● Blood test to measure the activity of a certain protein.

1. Lactic Acid

2. Urea

3. Hydroxyproline

4. Hydrogen Sulfide

5. Acid Phosphate

6. Lysozyme

7. Alkaline Phosphate

8. Lactic Dehydrogenase

9. Proteases

FLUID THAT SEEPS TO THE THIN SULCULAR EPITHELIUM (LUHHALALP)

lavage

antibacterial

adhesive

FUNCTIONS OF THE GINGIVAL FLUID (LAA)

gingival sulcus

Lavage of material from the ___

LAVAGE

➔ Any bacteria has virus present in the gingival sulcus, gingival fluid washes them away from the gingival sulcus.

gingival connective tissue

AKA lamina propria

lamina propria

gingival connective tissue other name

gingival connective tissue

● Densely collagenous connective tissue of the gingiva.

gingival fibers

GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Contains prominent collagenous bundles called the ___.