Religions of the World

quadruple crisis

ecological, economical, sociopolitical, spiritual, and religious crisis

social poets

someone who uses creative vision, empathy, and community engagement to build hope, advocate for justice, and forge new ways of organizing society.

mutual conversion

typically refers to a reciprocal or two-way change between two different forms

multifaith collaboration

people from different religious traditions coming together to complete a shared goal.

theology of religion

the way of engaging different people of different religions

exclusivism

the position among some Christians that to be saved one must explicitly be a Christian

inclusivism

the position among some Christians that Christ saves non-Christians who implicitly cooperate with his saving grace.

pluralism

the position among some Christians that no religion can speak of an absolute revelation and that God saves others outside of Christian understandings of salvation

postmodern

a cultural and philosophical reference that argues that no single way of interpreting reality can account for all of it.

mutuality model

this form highlights the radical uniqueness of various traditions.

comparative theology

examining different religions to not only compare but to consider different religious traditions and practices.

torah

the first five books of the Bible, God's commandments

cosmology

religious picture map that explains the existence, order, and fate of the universe.

shaman

an important member of a native tradition who acts as an intermediary between visible and spiritual worlds.

rebbe

a Jewish teacher and community leader

guru

possesses both temporal and spiritual authority in Sikhism

bhakti

Hindu piety focused on one's personal, emotional relationship to a deity.

lama

a spiritual guide and master in Tibetan Buddhism.

talmud

a history of the national and religious experiences of the Jews.

sabbath

the Jewish day of rest, reflection and prayer.

mitzvot

acts that express Jewish faithfulness

menuha

translated as rest

I'shaym shamyim

a debate over what the Torah says to better understand it.

anamnesis

means remembering

tanakh

sacred scripture of Judaism

islam

means surrender

shahadah

confession of faith, pillar of Islam

salat

prayer, pillar of Islam

zakat

yearly alms tax, pillar of Islam

sawm

ramadan is a celebration with fasting, pillar of Islam

hajj

pilgrimmage to Mecca, pillar of Islam

the qu'ran

collection of relevations that muhammad received for twenty three years.

vedas

the four collections of sacred scripture in early hinduism

samsara

the succession of rebirths that all beings go through

moksha

the ultimate liberation or escape from samsara

tat tyam asi

core great sayings of ancient Hindu texts

shiva

one of the principle deities in Hinduism

kali

powerful hindu goddess of time and destruction

krishna

major and deity and the eigth avatar

kenosis

self-emptying

sin

christianity: problem

salvation from sin

christianity: solution

faith and good works; faith alone

christianity: techniques

Jesus, saints, great cloud of witnesses

christianity: exemplars

exclusivism, inclusivism, pluralism

what are three ways that Christians think about and engage different religions and differing people?

khanda

key symbol of sikhism

golden temple

key location of sikhism

egotism (haumai) – destructive selfishness

sikhism: problem

union with God in the realm of truth

sikhism: solution

hard work, service, meditation on the divine name

sikhism: techniques

gurus

sikhism: exemplars

lust, wrath, greed, attachment, excessive pride

five thieves of sikhism

guru nanak

founder of sikhism

gurdwaras

place of worship in sikhism

kesh, kangha, kara, kirpan, kaccha

articles of faith in sikhism

shaman

enters a "hole" in the fabric of the universe

mediators

human and non human guides that help people understand the meaning of God's presence

exile

israelite religion (old judaism): problem

return

israelite religion (old judaism): solution

various sacrifice

israelite religion (old judaism): techniques

priests and prophets

israelite religion (old judaism): exemplars

exile

rabbinic judaism (modern): problem

return

rabbinic judaism (modern): solution

narrative and law

rabbinic judaism (modern): techniques

rabbis

rabbinic judaism (modern): exemplars

sadducees

wealthy Jews

essenes

outcast Jews

zealots

violent Jews

pharisees

rule-following Jews

tanakh

written tradition of Judaism

talmud

spoken tradition of Judaism

613 commandments

Judaism

pride

islam: problem

submission

islam: solution

daily prayer, fasting , almsgiving, pilgrimmage, affirming unity

islam: techniques

muhammad but also lmamas and sheikhs

islam: exemplars

mecca

key location of islam

89% of muslims are?

Sunni

muhammand

final messenger of islam

qu’ran

describes heaven and hell in greater detail

sunni believe that?

best person regardless of lineage should succeed muhammad

samsara, the unsatisfactory cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath

hinduism: problem

moksha, release from this cycle

hinduism: solution

disciplines of karma (action), jnana (wisdom), and bhakti (devotion)

hinduism: techniques

yogis, renouncers, and poet-saints

hinduism: exemplars

varnasi

key location of Hinduism and one of the oldest cities in the world

brahma

god who was born from a lotus flower - the creator

vishnu

the lord of incarnations and involvement - the protector

shiva

the destroyer, often sitting in meditation, symbol of renuncitation

which religion has no one major tradition?

hinduism

vedas

oldest religious text

Shruti and Smriti

two categories of religious text

Shruti

that what is heard in Hinduism sacred text

Smiriti

that what is remembered in Hinduism sacred text

mandir

communal building in hinduism

hinduism

religion that tells people not to tame the divine

puja

hindu worship

shruti

heard sanskrit text in hinduism

smriti

written smriti text in hinduism

suffering

buddhism: problem