banderas test 9/19

two monarchs who controlled religion in england to further their power

henry viii

elizabeth i

what was the name of the new church

anglican church or church of england

name of the law in england that established the monarch as the head of the church

act of supremacy (1534)

name of law in england that required all persons to go to official church in england every sunday and use the common book of prayer

act of uniformity (1559)

what group was dissatisfied with the new church

puritans

why were the puritans dissatisfied w/ the new church

too similar to catholicism

after being outlawed and persecuted, where did puritans emigrate to

americas

netherlands

which area of europe was dominant during post-classical era, prior to renaissance

italian city-states

rulers of italian city-states that began to centralize

charles vii

ferdinand and isabella

two ways charles vii, ferdinand, and isabella began to centralize

standing army

centralized taxes

what were two groups of ppl charles vii, ferdinand, and isabella united their people to fight against

moors/muslims

burgundians

ultimate centralized monarch in spain, beginning in 16th cent

philip ii

two ways philip ii centralized more than predecessors

centralized bureaucracy

controlled religion

besides wanting to keep power themselves, what else motivated the spanish nobles of catalonia to revolt

over-taxation

what leader(s) attempted to centralize poland

sigismund i and ii

what three states would partition a weak, uncentralized poland yrs later

russia

austria

prussia

philip ii determined what as the official religion of spain

catholicism

philip developed a complex system of ____ to collect taxes and run his vast kingdom

bureaucrats

nobles of catalonia revolted and won with help from

france

monarchs who reformed religion to greater control their country/morals

henry viii of england, elizabeth i

why did henry want to form his own protestant church

he wanted more power + to divorce his wife

difference of anglican church to catholic church

had king as head, not pope

act of uniformity 1662 required all english to attend church on sunday and use

book of common prayer

once spanish defeated in 1648, dutch parliament voted for ________

religious pluralism

religious pluralism

religious freedom to maintain peace and unity

most destructive war until wwi

thirty years' war

thirty years' war started when

ferdinand ii tried to impose religious uniformity within HRE

the united power of these 4 areas pushed the princes to the brink of defeat

spain, austria, italy (all hapsburg)

poland

protestants saved by intervention of protestant ___

sweden

king of sweden

gustavus adolphus

aid for protestants grew as these 4 joined/sent aid

dutch, english, russian, hungarians for catholics

catholic france joined the conflict on the side of the

protestants

catholic france's reason for joining

wanted to gain political power and strength by helping to defeat habsburg spain and HRE

emergent theme in early modern era

powerful states beginning to exploit religious conflicts for political gain

peace of westphalia (1648)

ambassadors from all participating nations were sent to westphalia germany to negotiate the surrender of the catho side as spain went bankrupt

these two areas gained the most, taking land from catholic portions of the hre and spain

sweden

france

power from spain and hre went to ottoman threat, like

siege of vienna (1683)

continuous fighting in hungary and balkans

two painters or writers that contributed to baroque and mannerist art

michel de montaigne

artemisia gentileschi

ruler of france who began to centralize power

charles vii

catho nation that unexpectedly joined protestant side during thirty yrs war

france

ultimate centralized monarch in spain, beginning 16th cent

phillip ii

thirty yrs war began in

1618

event that marked end of thirty yrs war, allowed german princes to choose any religion for their territories

peace of westphalia

how did development of political institutions between 1450 and 1648 impact control of religion by state

led to increased state control over religious practices and institutions

impacts of thirty yrs war on europe

1/3 german population in hre died

large centralized states superior to decentralized

last major religious war in euro

rulers of spain who began to centralize power

ferdinand and isabella

two qualities of baroque and mannerist art

depressed, gray/blue

new form of art used as part of catholic counter reformation to glorify the church

baroque

two catholic painters or sculptors who contributed to baroque and mannerist art

velazquez, caravaggio

why thirty yrs war is considered significant event in euro history

marked end of religious wars in euro and led to rise of modern nation-states

policies implemented by elizabeth i to re-establish church of england

act of supremacy

act of uniformity

book of common prayer

one protestant painter who contributed to baroque and mannerist art, focusing on regular ppl rather than church

rembrandt

two revolts that challenged centralized monarchial power in spain and france, 17th century

the fronde

catalan revolts

new form of art that arose due to uncertainty, chaos, and destruction of early modern era

mannerism

two powers that began to centralize and become dominant during 15/16h centuries

france

spain

how did religious conflicts shape political alliances and rivalries in europe during 1450 - 1648

religious conflicts led to shifting alliances and rivalries, significantly influencing political dynamics in euro 1450-1648

how did nobles control monarch of poland

king a noble-elected to office

laws or areas that allowed some limited/unlimited form of religious pluralism in early modern euro

peace of augsburg (1555)

edict of nantes (1598)

peace of westphalia (1648)

empire the last euro war over religion started at and why

hre

b/c of the removal of peace of augsburg

four countries that participated on side of protestants during 30 yrs war

sweden

england

german states

france

painters like ____ created unique and disturbing images, colors, and lightings, focusing on gloomy blue and grey themes

el greco

wrote essays about understanding oneself, and one's own morality rather than focus on unstable religion

michel de montaigne

allegory of law and grace (1529) made by

lucas cranach

in germany

works el greco made mentioned in slides

portrait of a man (1595)

pieta (1592)

view and plan of toledo (1610)

boy w/ a basket of fruit (1593)

caravaggio

st. peter's basilica and st. peter's baldachin made by

bernini

triumph of immaculate (1710) made by

paolo de matteis

self portrait (1659)

rembrandt