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43 Terms
Work
A form of energy.
Joule
The standard metric unit of work (Newton-meter).
Watt
The standard metric unit of power, not work.
Newton-meter
A unit equivalent to a Joule, representing work.
Work and Time
Work itself is not time-based; power is.
Force and Movement
If no movement occurs while force is applied, no work is done.
Carrying a Bucket
Carrying a bucket horizontally at constant height involves no work by the upward force, as the force is perpendicular to displacement.
90 Degrees Work
A force acting at 90 degrees to the direction of motion does no work.
Negative Work
Work done by a force acting opposite to the direction of motion.
Mechanical Energy Change
The mechanical energy of an object will change if only one force does work on it.
Power Definition
Power measures how fast work is done.
Unit of Power
The standard metric unit of power is the Watt.
Comparative Power
The person who completes the job faster has more power.
Force and Speed
Power can be calculated as Power = Force × Speed.
Kinetic Energy Dependence
Kinetic energy depends on the mass and speed of an object.
Kinetic Energy of a Resting Object
An object at rest has no kinetic energy.
Negative Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy cannot be negative.
Doubling Mass Effect
If mass doubles, kinetic energy doubles if speed is constant.
Doubling Speed Effect
If speed doubles, kinetic energy quadruples.
Work and Kinetic Energy
Doing work on an object changes its kinetic energy.
Potential Energy Definition
Potential energy is energy stored due to position.
Gravitational Potential Energy Dependence
Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, height, and gravity.
Doubling Mass Impact
Doubling the mass of an object raises its gravitational potential energy.
Unit of Potential Energy
The unit of potential energy is the Joule.
Potential Energy Loss
Potential energy is lost when an object free-falls.
Total Mechanical Energy
The total mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy.
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is not always conserved due to non-conservative forces.
Effect of Friction on Energy
The total mechanical energy changes when friction does work.
Work Required for Mass Lift
More work is required to lift a heavier object to the same height.
Elastic Potential to Kinetic Energy
If 50 J of elastic potential energy is stored, the arrow will have 50 Joules of kinetic energy on release.
Net Work on Box at Constant Speed
The net work done on a box carried at constant speed is zero Joules.
Stopping Distance Factor
If a car's speed triples, its stopping distance increases by a factor of nine.
Kinetic Energy of an Object
Kinetic energy cannot be determined without knowing the mass.
Stationary Object Energy
A stationary object can still have energy.
Power for Work Done
Power required to do 1000 J of work in 20 seconds is 50 Watts.
Work Calculation for Lifting
Work = mass × gravity × height for lifting an object.
Power Rating Calculation
Power rating = (mass × gravity × height) / time.
Work-Energy Theorem
The change in kinetic energy equals the net work done.
Energy Conversion in Roller Coasters
Total mechanical energy remains constant while kinetic and potential energy convert.
Canceled Terms in Work-Energy Equation
Initial kinetic energy is zero; work by non-conservative forces is zero.
Frictionless Inclined Plane Equation
The work-energy equation simplifies to KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf.
Baseball Catch Force Calculation
Force is calculated using the work-energy principle: work = change in kinetic energy.
Average Force in Jump Calculations
Average force on a person jumping can be calculated by change in momentum or energy divided by stopping distance.