birth defects and genes

chromosomes

rod shaped chemical compounds that carry genetic coding. Each cell contains 23 pairs of 46 total.

female chromosome

XX

Male chromosome

XY

Heredity

all the traits that are passed to a child from blood relatives

Dominant genes

stronger genes

Recessive genes

weaker genes

Carrier

person who carries a trait but does not have the trait their self

Identical Twins

1 ovum + 1 sperm, fertilized ovum splits and makes two

Fraternal Twins

2 ovum + 2 sperm, both are fertilized

Conjoined twins

1 ovum+ one sperm, the fertilized ovum doesn’t completely sperate

Down syndrome

Have an extra 21 chromosomes. Genetic

PKU

inability to process proteins.  Genetic

Muscular Dystrophy

weakens and shrinks the muscles.Genetic

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

alcohol consumption by mother. deformed limbs, facial abnormities. Environmental

STD/STI relted

Low birth weight, infections, death. Environmental

Drug Influenced

Will affect fetus in 1st trimester. Low birth weight, miscarriage. Environmental

Cleft lip/palate

a gab int he upper lip or palate. Combination

Cerebral palsy

damage to the brain that affects movement and muscle tone. Combination

Spina bifida

Spinal cord fails to develop properly. occurs at the end of the 1st month. Combination.