EDU Test 3

Emotional Regulation (Effortful Control)

the ability to control when and how emotions are expressed

initiative versus guilt

Erikson’s third psychosocial crisis; children undertake new skills and active and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them; protective optimism

protective optimism

encourages trying new things because young children think they can do much more than they can

motivation

involves impulse that propels someone to act; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

empathy

the ability to understand and appreciate the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one’s own

antisocial behavior

actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person

what are the 5 stages of play

solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative

what’s the difference between associative and cooperative play?

Associative = children playing together but not with a common goal; Cooperative = children playing for a common purpose

social play

from ages 2 to 6, most children learn how to join a peer group, manage conflict, take turns, find friends, etc

boys and girls together

from ages 2 to 6 preferences for “girls” and “boys” toys are prevalent and by middle childhood are firmly in place

who is connected ted with parenting dimensions and styles?

Diana Baumrind

parents differ on four important dimensions….

expressions of warmth, strategies for discipline, communication, expectations for maturity

what are the names of the three main parenting styles

authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative

authoritarian parenting

high behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication

permissive parenting

high nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control

authoritative parenting

parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children

other ways to punish that are not physical

psychological control, time-out, induction

psychological control

displancary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child’s feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents

time-out

disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people and activities for a specified time; rule is 1 minute note for every year they are; completely separated

induction

disciplinary technique in which a parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong; listening not lecturing, is crucial

teaching morals

sense of right and wrong is an outgrowth of attachment and social awareness; innate mora; impulses are strengthened through cognitive advances and peer interactions

forms of aggression

instrumental, reactive, relational, and bullying

instrumental agression

hurtful behavior that is aimed at gaining something that someone else has

reactive agression

an impulsive retaliation for a hurt that can be verbal or physical

relational agression

nonphysical acts such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection

bullying

unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attacks

emotion regulation and —— ——- develop together

cognitive maturation

risky play

any play that may cause injury to the child. includes rough and tumble play, wrestling, climbing trees, sledding, etc

Rough-and-tumble play

mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting with no intention to harm

sociodramatic play

allows children to act out various roles and themes in stories that they create

sociodramatic play enables children to…

explore and rehearse the social roles, test their ability to explain, practice regulating their emotions, develop a self-concept

screen time correlates with a reduction in…

conversation, imagination, and exercise

children of authoritarian parents grow up to be

conscientious, obedient, and quiet, but not especially happy; they may feel guilty or depressed, internalizing their frustrations and blaming themselves when things don’t go well

children of permissive parents grow up to…

lack self-control, immature; continue to live at home, still dependent on their parents in adulthood

children of authoritative parents grow up to be…

successful, articulate, happy with themselves, and are generous with others; usually liked by teachers and peers

children typically grow —- inches and —- pounds per year

2 inches and 5 lbs

at what age does playing team games become easier for children and what improves that allows this?

~7 years and selective attention

concrete operational thought

Piaget on middle childhood; the ability to reason logically both direct experiences and perceptions; ~7 to ~11 years old can understand conservation, classification, reversibility especially in learning with math

classification

“the logical principle that things can be organized into groups…according to some characteristic that they have in common";” ~ 7 years

what age do kids have mental categories and subcategories

~11 years

react time

“the time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically or cognitively;” particular case of reaction time is Rapid Automated Naming (RAN)

Rapid Automated Naming

how quickly a child can name a series of colors, objects, etc

automatization

repeating a sequence of thoughts and actions until you no longer must consciously thin about it

old belief in ______ intelligence

general

current belief in multiple intelligence means

genes, age, and culture play a role in diversity; we all have different intelligence strengths

Gardner’s original seven intelligences

linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic (movement), interpersonal (social understanding), intrapersonal (self understanding)

extra two intelligences

naturalistic (understanding nature), spiritual/existential

linguistic codes

the logical and social ability to change pronunciation and styles of speech: informal code and formal code

social emotional learning (SEL)

teaches how to cooperate with each other as well to advance emotional intelligence

hidden curriculum

unofficial, unstated, or implicit patterns within a school that influences what children learn

what are the three international tests

TIMSS (mass and science), PIRLS (reading), PISA (assessment of 15 year olds)

IQ

measure of cognitive ability

Alfred Binet

developed the early IQ tests that were used to see if children needed to go into education

flynn effect

rise of average IQ scores over the decades of many nations

mental age

intellectual ability compared to typical age-based performance

What big things happen in the concrete operations stage or industry versus inferiority stage at 6-11 years?

selective attention, logic, seriation, developing self worth