AP Bio Functional Groups

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Last updated 10:00 PM on 9/28/26
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7 Terms

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Hydroxyl

Organic compounds with -OH = Alcohols. Names typically ends in -ol (i.e. ethanol)

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Carbonyl

O double bonded to C. If C=O at end of molecule - aldehyde. If C=O in the middle of molecule - ketone.

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carboxyl

C double bonded to C and single bonded to OH. Compounds with COOH = acids (i.e. amino acids).

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Amino

N attached to 2 H. Compounded with NH2 = amines. NH2 acts as a base.

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Sulfhydral

S bonded to H. Compounds with SH = thiols. SH groups stabilize the structure of proteins.

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Phosphate

P bonded to 4 O. Connects to C through O. Function is to transfer energy between organic molecules.

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Methy ( -CH3)

Increases the “non polarness” of the chemical. Used in DNA regulation. Used the branch hydrocarbon.