Clinical Procedures, Specimen Handling, and Medical Terminology

Comprehensive practice flashcards detailing procedural setups, laboratory specimen tube protocols, ECG lead placement, adult immunization schedules, medical abbreviations, and clinical terminology.

Nexplanon Removal Setup

The clinical tray preparation and supplies required for removing an etonogestrel subdermal implant: signed surgical consent, alcohol swabs, $2\,\text{ml}$ lidocaine with epinephrine, $27\text{G}\;1\frac{1}{2}''$ needle, betadine swab sticks, #11 blade scalpel, forceps with teeth, $2\times 2$ gauze, $\frac{1}{2}''$ steri-strips, and Coban.

PreservCyt Solution

A flammable, methanol-based liquid fixative contained in a $20\,\text{mL}$ vial utilized for non-gynecologic cytology collections, such as male anal Pap smears.

Ingrown Toenail Removal Setup

Equipment prepared for surgical nail avulsion: surgical procedure consent, $2\,\text{cc}$ of lidocaine with epinephrine, 8 alcohol wipes, 5 packs of $4\times 4$ gauze, tourniquet, Coban, sterile gloves, 4 packets of bacitracin ointment, iodine swab sticks, ingrown toenail clipper, and toenail lifter.

IUD Removal Setup

The clinical supplies required for intrauterine device removal: clean tray, sterile gloves, speculum with light, lubricant, cytobrush, scopette, and ring forceps.

Skin Biopsy Setup

The instrument and supply tray gathered for cutaneous punch biopsies: surgical consent, lidocaine with epinephrine ($2\,\text{ml}$), 25G needle, punch biopsy instruments in various sizes, sutures in various sizes, curved hemostat, iris scissors, sterile gloves (1 pair), normal gloves, 10 $2\times 2$ gauzes, 1 pack of steri-strips, 7 alcohol wipes, biopsy cups, patient labels, 3 iodine swabs, kidney basin, and chucks.

Nexplanon Insertion Setup

The procedure tray gathered for inserting a subdermal implant: consent, alcohol swabs, $2\,\text{ml}$ lidocaine with epinephrine, $27\text{g}\;1\frac{1}{2}''$ needle, betadine swab sticks, sterile gloves, $\frac{1}{2}''$ steri-strips, $2\times 2$ gauze, and Coban.

Specimen Transfer Tube

A standardized conical transfer container used to submit liquid specimens for microalbumin urine, serum, plasma, urinalysis complete/only, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (Prot / Crea Ratio, U).

Urinalysis and Urine Culture Transport Guidelines

For urinalysis with microscopic examination and reflex culture, both the sterile urine cup and the yellow evacuated preservation tube must be submitted together; the sterile cup maintains specimen stability for only $24\,\text{hrs}$.

PAP / Wet Mount Set-Up

Clinical materials prepared for cervical screening and vaginitis evaluation: ThinPrep Pap container, cervical brush, spatula, broom collector, sterile cotton swab, wet mount container, vaginal speculum, lubricating jelly, and light source.

IUD Insertion Setup

The tray preparation assembled for placing an intrauterine device: clean tray, clean gloves, speculum with light, lubricant, sterile swabs, sterile tray, betadine supplied within the manufacturer IUD kit, scopette, and sterile gloves.

Deltoid Site (IM Injection)

An intramuscular injection site located in the upper arm below the shoulder; anatomical landmarks include the acromial process, scapula, humerus, deltoid muscle, deep brachial artery, and radial nerve.

Ventrogluteal Site (IM Injection)

An intramuscular injection site located on the hip; landmarks include the anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, gluteus medius, and greater trochanter of the femur.

Vastus Lateralis Site (IM Injection)

An intramuscular injection site located along the anterolateral thigh; landmarks include the greater trochanter of the femur, femoral artery, and vastus lateralis muscle.

Dorsogluteal Site (IM Injection)

An intramuscular injection site bordered by the posterior superior iliac spine, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus, greater trochanter of the femur, and the sciatic nerve.

Section 317 Vaccine Stock

Federally funded vaccine stock designated for uninsured adult patients at FNCH for immunizations including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HPV (ages $19\text{--}26$), TDaP, Pneumovax 23, and PCV 13 (Prevnar).

Shingles (Shingrix) Policy (FNCH)

Vaccine distribution policy: administered through pharmacies for Medicaid, Medicare (requires Medicare Part D), and Private Insurance; provided at no cost for Native American patients, and offered to other uninsured patients at a discounted rate of $\$150/\text{dose}$ ($2\,\text{doses}$ required).

Precordial Lead Placement (Standard 12-Lead ECG)

Electrode locations across the chest: V1 at the 4th intercostal space at right sternal margin; V2 at the 4th intercostal space at left sternal margin; V3 midway between V2 and V4 on the 5th rib; V4 at the 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line; V5 horizontal to V4 at the anterior axillary line; V6 horizontal to V4 at the midaxillary line.

Limb Lead Placement (Resting ECG)

Electrode sites for peripheral leads: RA (White/White) on right lateral upper arm below shoulder; LA (Black/White) on left lateral upper arm below shoulder; RL (Green/White) on inside right calf midway between knee and ankle; LL (Red/White) on inside left calf midway between knee and ankle.

Amniocentesis

The means for sampling amniotic fluid to screen for abnormalities in a fetus.

Diathermy

A technique in which heat is created by high-frequency electric currents with the goal of relieving pain, getting rid of unhealthy tissue, or stopping bleeding.

EBCT

Abbreviation for electron-beam computed tomography; a specialized diagnostic scan used to test for calcium buildup in the heart.

FRAX Tool

Abbreviation for fracture risk assessment tool; used to calculate an individual's risk of sustaining a bone fracture.

Galactagogue

A food or medication that increases the flow or production of a mother's breast milk.

HAART (or ART)

Abbreviation for highly active antiretroviral therapy; a multi-drug regimen used in the treatment and management of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Light Blue Top Tube

Sodium citrate collection tube utilized for coagulation diagnostics; tests include PT and PTT (centrifuged, separated, and stored at ambient temperature) and Lupus Like Inhibitor (which requires two tubes, centrifuging, separation, and frozen storage).

Lavender Top Tube

EDTA collection tube used for hematologic and molecular assays including CBC w/wo Differential, ESR, Hemoglobin A1c (refrigerated), CD4 (whole blood, ambient), and tests requiring plasma separation and freezing such as Ammonia, ACTH, and Renin Activity.

Gold Top Tube (SST)

Serum separator tube used for chemistry panels, hepatitis profiles, and serology (such as CMP, BMP, Lipid Panel, TSH, PSA, and Treponema Pallidum antibodies) requiring centrifugation and refrigeration, with specific analytes like calcitonin, TSI, and aldosterone requiring frozen plasma or serum.

Suboxone Clinical Protocol

Clinic workflow for opioid addiction therapy: obtain signed Suboxone Agreement (valid for $1\,\text{year}$ if renewed by the same provider), obtain a urine drug screen, collect a pregnancy test for female patients, record vital signs, ensure provider countersignature, scan to Prescriptions, and record the most recent drug screen, contract date, and Narcan dispensation date in the Controlled Medication section.

Asepsis

The absence of bacteria, viruses, and other disease-causing microorganisms to prevent clinical infection.

Wernicke's Area

An anatomical area of the brain responsible for speech comprehension and language development.

Xerostomia

The condition of having dry mouth caused by under-productive salivary glands.

YAG Capsulotomy

A laser surgical technique used to treat posterior capsule opacification and correct blurred vision following cataract surgery.

Medical Word Elements (Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes)

Foundational medical terminology components: Prefixes Brady- (slow), Tachy- (fast), Hyper- (high/above normal), Hypo- (low/below normal); Root words Cardi/o (heart), Gastr/o (stomach), Hemat/o (blood), Dermat/o (skin); Suffixes -itis (inflammation), -ectomy (surgical removal), and -algia (pain).

Ante Cibum (AC)

Latin pharmacological abbreviation meaning 'before meals,' indicating the schedule by which a patient must take medication.

Acute Loss of Consciousness (ALOC)

A sudden, rapid-onset state of unresponsiveness or loss of awareness.

Sepsis

An imbalance and dysregulated immune response by the body to an infection that causes damage and injury to its own tissues and organs.

O Sign

A clinical physical observation describing an unconscious patient who lies with their mouth completely open.

Bagging

The emergency manual procedure of providing assisted ventilations to a patient using a squeeze resuscitation bag attached to a face mask.

Occult Blood Screen

A diagnostic laboratory procedure using a chemically treated card or pad to detect microscopic, non-visible blood hidden in a stool specimen.

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

The clinical aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space using a hollow needle for diagnostic or therapeutic analysis.

Dialyser

An artificial kidney machine that replaces renal filtration function by removing metabolic solutes, excess water, and accumulated toxins from the bloodstream.

Ophthalmoscope

An illuminated optical diagnostic instrument designed to inspect the interior fundus, retina, and vascular structures of the eye.

Spirometer

A diagnostic pulmonary instrument used to measure the volume and flow rate of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.

Patient Intake Template

A standard clinical documentation outline recording patient name, chief complaint, current medications, medical history, allergies, surgical history, vitals ($\text{BP}$, $\text{SpO}_2$, $\text{HR}$, $\text{T}$, $\text{Wt}$, $\text{Ht}$), hospitalizations, family history (parents/siblings), housing status, substance use, and sexual history.