Ch9 Relearning Assignment

Andrew Jackson

7th President of the U.S.

Symbolizes the rise of mass politics & participatory democracy for white men (universal voting rights)

Anti-Masonry

Those in opposition of Freemasons, an exclusive & secret fraternal order for the elite, namely Andrew Jackson & Martin Van Buren

Aroostook War

War between American & Canadian lumberjacks over the boundary between Maine & New Brunswick

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Agreement between U.S. & British Canada over the North American border between Maine & New Brunswick

Bank War

Andrew Jackson vs. Bank President Nicholas Biddle

Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank because it was an unconstitutional monopoly benefiting only the elite

Led to the separation of Democrats & Whigs

Caroline Affair

Diplomatic/military crisis between the U.S. & Britain

British-Canadian forces burned an American steamship w/ Canadian rebels & killed 1 American Man

America was in outrage & arrested the murderer; Britain threatened war if he was killed because he was acting on military order

Daniel Webster

Prominent Massachusetts senator, Whig leader, emphasized federal power & the preservation of the Union

Democrats

Political party in support of Andrew Jackson

Limit federal power

Fought for the suffrage of the “common man” (usually a white male)

Dorr Rebellion

Failed rebellion in Rhode Island that advocated for the expansion of suffrage for the white male population

Indian Territory

Present day Oklahoma & parts of Kansas & Nebraska where Native tribes were forcibly relocated along the Trail of Tears

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina statesman

Advocated individual state rights & the nullification of unconstitutional federal laws

Defended slavery in the South

John Tyler

10th President of the U.S.

Initially VP for William Henry Harrison

Clashed w/ the nationalistic Whig agenda

Martin Van Buren

8th President of the U.S.

Hand picked by Andrew Jackson

Prominent Democrat

Nicholas Biddle

President of the 2nd Bank of the U.S.

Tried to recharter the Bank; vetoed by Andrew Jackson

Panic of 1837

Hundreds of banks failed: Financial Collapse

Economic depression

Widespread unemployment + DEBT

Specie Circular

Cause of the Panic of 1837

Andrew Jackson required all public lands to be bought in strictly hard money (gold/silver coins)

Stop the usage of paper money

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

Appointed by Andrew Jackson

Pro-slavery choice

Seminole War

Seminoles = Native tribe + runaway enslaved people

Resisted forced relocation by the government

Virtually unsuccessful; majority killed

Webster-Hayne Debate

Hayne: advocated for the nullification of unjust federal laws. Argued that the federal government was merely a compact

Webster: claimed the Union/federal government to be supreme authority. Against nullification & sovereign states

Whigs

Political party in opposition to Andrew Jackson

Strengthen federal power & Congressional power

William Henry Harrison

9th U.S. President

Died a few months into office

Whig military hero