Orthopedic Casts, Braces, Tractions, and Nursing Care

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering orthopedic casts, molds, braces, splints, traction modalities, equipment, assembly rules, and nursing care based on Philippine Orthopedic Center standards.

LACC (Long Arm Circular Cast)

A circular cast indicated for radius-ulna fractures and/or affection.

SACC (Short Arm Circular Cast)

A circular cast indicated for wrist, carpal, and/or metacarpal affection.

Munster or Fuenster Cast

A cast indicated for radius-ulna affection with callus formation.

SAPM (Short Arm Posterior Mold)

A posterior mold indicated for wrist and/or finger affection with wound, infection, and/or swelling.

Functional Cast

A cast indicated for proximal humerus fractures with callus formation.

SLCC (Short Leg Circular Cast)

A circular cast indicated for ankle, tarsal, and metatarsal affection.

LLCC (Long Leg Circular Cast)

A circular cast indicated for tibia-fibula affection.

Patellar Tendon Bearing Cast

A modified long leg circular cast (LLCC) designed for mobilization purposes, indicated for tibia-fibula affection with callus formation.

Delvit Cast

A modified PTB cast indicated for tibia/fibula affection with callus formation at the distal third to allow foot exercises.

Shoulder Spica Cast

A cast indicated for shoulder joint affection, proximal humerus fractures, and shoulder dislocation.

Ischial Weight Bearing Cast / Quadrilateral Cast

A cast indicated for femoral fractures with callus formation.

Pantalon Cast

A cast indicated for pelvic fractures following Hammock suspension traction.

Frog Cast

A pediatric cast indicated for congenital hip dislocation.

Double Hip Spica Cast

A body cast encasing the trunk and both lower extremities, indicated for fractures of the hip and femur affecting both legs.

$1\frac{1}{2}$ Hip Spica Cast

A cast indicated for fractures of the hip and femur involving one leg completely and the other partially, featuring an abduction bar with the leg slightly flexed; turning of the patient must be toward the unaffected side.

Cast Brace

An orthopedic appliance indicated for supracondylar fracture of the femur with callus formation and proximal tibia fracture with callus formation.

Sugar Tong Mold

A mold indicated for compound or open fractures of the humerus.

SLPM (Short Leg Posterior Mold)

A posterior mold indicated for ankle and toe affection complicated by wound infection and/or swelling.

Slipper Mold

A mold indicated for affection of the metatarsals and phalanges.

Cylinder Mold

A mold indicated for patellar affection presenting with an open wound, infection, and/or swelling.

Knee Immobilizer

A commercially prepared appliance sharing the same clinical indications as a cylinder mold for stabilizing the affected leg.

LLPM (Long Leg Posterior Mold)

A posterior mold indicated for tibia-fibula affection accompanied by an open wound, infection, and/or swelling.

Abduction Bar

A crossbar integrated between the legs of a hip spica cast to maintain prescribed hip abduction.

Callus Formation

The bridging reparative bone tissue that serves as the required clinical milestone for transitioning to functional casts, cast braces, and weight-bearing casts.

Oppenheimer Splint

A dynamic splint indicated for peripheral nerve injury, specifically radial nerve injury.

Banjo Splint

A splint indicated for peripheral nerve injury and fractures of the radius-ulna associated with nerve injury.

Wrist Strap (Cock-up Splint)

A splint indicated for wrist drop to support and maintain wrist extension.

Foster Brace

A spinal brace indicated for cervical spine affection (specifically the lower cervical spine) and upper thoracic spine affection.

Forrester Brace

A brace indicated for affections involving the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine.

Jewett Brace

A brace that supports the thoracic and lumbar spine by preventing twisting and flexion (bending forward) to keep the back in proper position while healing from injury and/or surgery.

KT Brace (Knight Taylor)

A spinal orthosis indicated for thoraco-lumbar spine or thoracic spine (specifically upper thoracic) affections.

Chairback Brace

A brace indicated for lumbo-sacral spine affection, herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), and low back pain.

Yamamoto Brace

A scoliosis brace extending upward until the mid-axillary level only.

Milwaukee Brace

A scoliosis brace extending up to the chin with occiput support.

SOMI (Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer)

An orthosis indicated for cervical immobilization following trauma.

Shantz Collar

A cervical collar indicated for cervical affection.

Philadelphia Collar

A rigid collar indicated for cervical affection featuring a chin extension to further restrict patient movement.

Denise Brown Shoes

Specialized shoes indicated for congenital anomaly, specifically club foot (Talipes Equinovarus).

Short Leg Brace

An orthosis indicated for foot drop, flat-footed patients, and individuals with foot imperfections.

Unilateral Long Leg Brace

A brace indicated for post-polio patients presenting with residual paralysis of one leg only.

Bilateral Long Leg Brace

A brace indicated for post-polio patients presenting with residual paralysis affecting both legs.

Scottish Rite Brace / Atlanta Brace

An abductor splint indicated for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD).

Internal Rotator Splint

An immobilization splint indicated for post-operative hip arthroplasty patients with mold casts who have no fractures.

Dennis Browne Shoe

An orthopedic shoe appliance indicated for congenital clubfoot.

Traction

The act of pulling and drawing an extremity or body part associated with counter-traction.

Zero Degree Traction

A skin traction indicated for shoulder dislocation, humeral neck fracture, and surgical neck fracture.

Dunlop Traction

A skin traction indicated for supracondylar fracture of the humerus.

Bryant's Traction

A bilateral skin traction indicated for children aged $3\text{ years}$ and below presenting with congenital hip dislocation or fracture of the hip and femur.

Buck's Extension Traction

A longitudinal skin traction indicated for hip fractures, hip dislocation, and femur fractures, requiring a pillow underneath the leg with the heel kept free.

Hammock Suspension

A suspension traction method indicated for pelvic affection.

Pelvic Girdle Traction

A traction system indicated for HNP and low back pain, requiring a Trendelenburg position, a curved bar, $2$ weight bags, complete bed rest, and $2\text{ to }3$ pillows underneath the thighs.

Foam Traction

A modified Buck's extension traction using commercially prepared foam with identical clinical indications.

Crutchfield Tong

Skeletal cranial tongs inserted into the skull indicated for cervical spine affection.

Halo Traction

A skeletal traction system utilizing $4$ pin sites indicated for cervical spine affection.

Halo Femoral Traction

A skeletal traction modality combining cranial halo fixation and femoral pins indicated for scoliosis.

Halo Pelvic Traction

A skeletal traction assembly connecting a halo ring to a pelvic apparatus indicated for scoliosis.

Balance Skeletal Traction

A skeletal traction setup indicated for affection of the hip and femur.

90-90 Degree Traction

A traction system positioning the hip and knee at $90^\circ$ angles, indicated for proximal femur affection (specifically the sub-trochanteric area).

Over-Head Traction

A skeletal traction where a pin is inserted into the olecranon, indicated for supracondylar fracture of the humerus.

Boot Cast Traction

A special traction indicated for patients with hip and knee contracture (for example, post-polio with hip and knee contracture).

Bohler Braun Traction

A skeletal traction system indicated for tibial plateau fractures, wherein a pin is inserted at the calcaneal bone.

Balkan Frame

An orthopedic bed frame consisting of $4$ vertical bars, $2$ horizontal bars, $1$ diagonal bar, $2$ straight or cross bars, and $1$ curved bar.

Thomas Splint

A leg splint with a padded ring and two lateral uprights used to support the thigh in balanced skeletal traction.

Pearson's Attachment

A hinged lower extremity attachment clamped to a Thomas splint to support the lower leg and allow knee flexion.

Rest Splint

A temporary support used to mount the Thomas splint and Pearson's attachment during preparation and traction removal.

Traction Weight

The pulling force applied to reduce fractures, prescribed as $10\%$ of the patient's body weight.

Suspension Weight

The counterbalancing weight used to elevate the limb apparatus, calculated as $50\%$ of the traction weight.

Steinmann Pin Holder

A metallic stirrup clamped onto a transfixed bone pin to secure the traction cord.

Overhead Trapeze

An overhead triangular apparatus allowing patients in traction to perform range of motion exercises and lift themselves for bedpan placement or skin care.

Three-Manpower Technique

The procedure for BST apparatus insertion: the 1st person inserts the apparatus under the extremity, the 2nd person maintains manual traction until weight attachment is secured on the third pulley, and the 3rd person supports and lifts the extremity.

Slip Knot (BST Thigh Rope)

The knot used to tie the thigh rope onto the medial upright of the Thomas splint before securing the loose end to the Pearson's attachment screw.

Ribbon Knot

The knot designated for securing the footboard to the traction apparatus to maintain foot alignment and prevent foot drop.

N-1-P-S-2 Rule

The sling application mnemonic: Not too tight/loose; 1-inch distance; Popliteal/heel free; Smooth side touching skin; 2 slings for thigh (Thomas) and 3 for leg (Pearson's).

One-Inch Sling Distance Rule

The requirement to maintain a $1\text{ inch}$ space between adjacent slings to promote aeration and ventilation.

Popliteal and Heel Clearance Rule

The sling placement principle mandating that the popliteal space and heel portion remain free from any slings to prevent nerve irritation and skin breakdown.

D-C-L-C-F Principles

The fundamental principles of traction: Dorsal recumbent position; Counter-traction provided; Line of pull in line with deformity; Continuous traction; Friction avoided.

Clove Hitch Knot

The knot used during traction removal to secure the loose traction rope end onto the rest splint, Thomas splint, and Pearson's attachment.

Static Quadriceps Exercises

An isometric exercise prescribed for traction patients involving the alternate contraction and relaxation of the quadriceps muscles to prevent muscle atrophy.

Toes Pedal Exercises

Active ankle and toe flexion-extension exercises prescribed to enhance peripheral circulation and prevent deformities such as foot drop.

Signs of Pin Site Infection

Complications assessed at skeletal pin tracts including a loosening pin tract, purulent drainage (pus), foul-smelling discharge, and fever.