Spielvogel Chapter 11 AP Euro

Alexander V

Elected Pope by Council of Pisa

Battle of Agincourt

Overwhelming victory for the English against the French in the Hundred Years' war, in 1415.

Black Death

mid-14th century pandemic, most devastating natural disaster in European history

Black Prince

Edward, Prince of Wales

Boniface VIII

Pope who began the Great Schism, said spiritual authority was superior over secular authority

Calais

Small, coastal town in France that was captured by the English during the 100 years' war and remained in its possession for an additional century.

Capetian Dynasty

French dynasty that went extinct

Catherine of Siena

Mystic who convinced Gregory XI to return to Rome

Charles V

French king who recovered all lands lost to England

Charles VI

Insane king of France

Charles VII

Crowned by Joan of Arc, king of France from 1422 until his death

Christine de Pizan

Author, women's rights advocate

Ciompi

Wool workers in Florence's most prominent industry, who revolted in 1378

Clement V

Pope who moved from Rome to Avignon

Clement VI

Pope who crushed Flagellant movement

Clement VII

Pope elected by French, competed against Urban V

Decameron

Book that describes life in 14th century Italy, captures citizens' reactions to the Black Plague

Divine Comedy

Book by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's progression into heaven

Edward III

King of England from 1327 to 1377 who had a claim to the French throne. Quarrel between him and the french king began the Hundred Years' War.

Edward III

English king, overthrew father and had claim to French throne

English Peasant Revolt of 1381

A prominent uprising in 1381 against monarchy's imposed taxes upon the peasant population

Flagellants

people who wandered from town to town, whipping themselves to win the forgiveness of God, whom they thought had sent the plague as punishment for sins

Geoffrey Chaucer

Wrote Canterbury Tales

Gerard Groote

Founded Modern Devotion

Giotto

Italian painter, forerunner to Italian Renaissance

Giovanni Boccaccio

Writer of the Decameron

Giovanni di Dondi

Constructed most accurate clock at the time

Grandi

Wealthy rulers of Republic of Florence

Gregory XI

The last Avignon Pope

Henry III

English king, gave up all possessions in France except Duchy of Gascony

Henry IV

Henry of Lancaster, deposed Richard II and made himself king

Henry V

King of England from 1413 until 1422, noted for military success in the Battle Agincourt

Henry V

Renewed 100 years' war, won Battle of Agincourt

Hundred Years' War

Series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 in dispute over the right of succession to the French throne

Isabella

"she-wolf" of France

Joan of Arc

French peasant girl who led the French army and rallied them against the British.

John II

King of France who got captured at Battle of Poitiers

Little Ice Age

A period of noticeable weather cooling in the late 13th century

longbow

a bow invented by the Welsh, used by the English in the Hundred Years' War.

Marsiglio of Padua

Wrote Defender of the Peace, denied spiritual authority's power over temporal authority

Martin V

Pope elected by Council of Constance, ended Schism

Meister Eckhart

founder of mysticism

Mongols

Created a vast empire, brought the plague from Asia to Europe

Petrarch

One of Europe's greatest lyric poets

Philip IV

King of France from 1285 until his death, also known as "the fair." His clashes with Edward III of England began the Hundred Years' War.

Philip IV

The Fair, died without an heir, quite the failure, Captured Boniface VIII

pogroms

The worst organized massacre of Jews in Germany during the Black Plague

Richard II

King who was 14 during the Peasant Revolt of 1381, promised to accept their demands but later arrested the rebels

scutage

A payment made to a lord in substitution to military service

Statute of Laborers

a set of laws passed by the British Parliament which attempted to limit wages and forbid peasant mobility

Visconti

Dictator of Duchy of Milan