Ch. 30 - WWII and the Holocaust

demilitarized

elimination or prohibition of weapons, fortifications, and other military installations

Appeasement

satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability

sanction

restrictions intended to enforce intentional law

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during WWII

Isolationism

a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations

Neutrality

refusal to take sides or become involved in wars between other nations

Mobilization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Kamikaze

Japanese for "divine wind"; a suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into U.S. fighting ships at sea

blitz

the British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War II

Genocide

the deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group

collaborator

a person who assists the enemy

partisan

a resistance fighter in World War II

Cold War

the period of political tension following WWII and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s

Rhineland

part of Germany; was to be a demilitarised zone (no troops or forts allowed).

Rome-Berlin Axis

the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)

Anti-Comintern Pact

treaty between Germany and Japan promising a common front against communism

Anschluss

Hitler's goal of union between Austria and Germany

Munich Conference

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.

Neville Chamberlain

British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Hitler and Joseph Stalin agreed not to attack each other but divided Poland for an easy win, but Germany didn't keep true to their word and attacked Stalin later

Manchukuo

Japanese puppet state established in Manchuria in 1931

Henry Pu Yi

China's last emperor who was an infant when put into power; the Qing dynasty fell soon afterwards

Chiang Kai-shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

Rape of Nanjing

The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing, then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

New Order in East Asia

The idea that Japan will throw off foreign imperialism from Asia and form and autarktic bloc run by Japan. This leads to deterioration in US Japanese relations.

French Indochina

Area of southeast Asia controlled by France during Imperialism. Includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

Sept 28, 1939

Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland

Maginot Line

Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.

Vichy France

Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France

Marshal Henri Petain

an aged french hero of WWI who led the Vichy France

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister furing WWII; A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.

Luftwaffe

the German air force before and during World War II

Dec. 7, 1941

Japanese aircraft attacked the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii; destroyed 350 aircrafts, 18 ships, killed 3,500 Americans

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

A imperialistic system founded by Japan consisting of other Asian countries during the early 20th century. Japan reduced its members to puppet nations, taking their raw materials and using them as new markets.

Prime Minister Hideki Tojo

dictator for the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, formerly a general, military dictator

Grand Alliance

the alliance between the United Kingdom, United States, and the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany during World War II

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

General Erwin Rommel

Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was one of the most celebrated Nazi commanders during World War II, a sly tactician whose exploits in North Africa earned him the nickname "The Desert Fox."

Battle of Coral Sea

A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.

Douglas MacArthur

commanded an attakc to move through Philippines through New Guinea and South Oacific Islands

island hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

Great Patriotic War

This was what Russia called World War Two. Thus their triumph became a symbol of national pride. This was ironic, however, because 20 million Russians were killed in the war, the Russians could not have won the war without help from the other Allied powers, and the Nazis were the ones who initiated it by invading Russia.

Culbert Olson

The racist governor of California who encouraged locking up Japanese-Americans (110K 65% native born) in Camps.

Albert Speer

As Hitler's favorite architect, Speer was in charge of building cities and structures for Hitler and designing new cities envisioned after victory in WWII.

Gen. Hideki Tojo

A militant, he became premier of Japan just two months before its attack on Pearl Harbor, led that nation's war effort and was tried and executed by the Allies after the war.

Arandora Star

a ocean liner being used by British parents to send their children to safety in Canada from German air raids, it was torpedoed by the Germans and had 77 British children on board who never made it to Canada

Hitler Youth

Germany's young men and women who joined the Nazi political party and pledged their allegiance to Germany and Adolf Hitler. The Hitler Youth organization "brainwashed" the children and convinced them of German superiority.

People's Volunteer Corps

This was the name for Japans draft. They drafted all men between 13 and 60. They were forced to fight against the U.S. on land. The U.S. bombed Japan's industries and major cities before dropping the atomic bomb.

Henirich Himmler

to move Slavic people out and to replace then with Germans

Nazi New Order

The Nazi plan for their conquered territories. It included the extermination of Jews and other inferiors, ruthless exploitation of resources, German colonization in the East, and the use of the Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians for slave labour.

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

Einsatagruppen

mobile killing units to carry out Nazi plans

Auschwitz

Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there. (p. 800)

Army General Staff

In Tokyo, controlled local Japanese military command

June 6, 1944 (D-Day)

Allied forces landed on the Normandy beaches in history's greatest naval invasion, fought past hidden underwater mines, treacherous barbed wire, and horrible machine gun fire

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA

Battle of Kursk

Hitler wanted to take the offensive by making use of the newly developed tanks. The german forces were defeated by the Soviets at the greatest tank battle of WWII.

May 7, 1945

Germany surrenders

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The last two heavily defended Japanese islands conquered by the United States in 1945

Manhattan Project

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

Enrico Fermi

Italian nuclear physicist (in the United States after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)

Hiroshima

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.

Nagasaki

Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).

Nuclear Age

Age that began with the dropping of the atomic bomb. It includes the horrors of nuclear weapons and the benefits of nuclear energy.

Potsdam Conference

July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

Haile Selassie

The king of Ethiopia while Italy invaded, appealed to LON, set sanctions against Italy for violating international law

Gen. Francisco Franco

led revolt and Nationalists battled Loyalists

“Peace In Our Time”

A saying Neville Chamberlain told crowds he had achieved

Dunkirk

When Britain trapped between Nazis and the English Channel, British sent all available ships to evacuate troops off the beach

Charles de Gaulle

French officer, escaped to England, set up govt. in exile, worked to liberate homeland

Operation Sea Lion

invasion of Britain, which inc. bombardments of England’s southern coast

Battle of Britain

10 July – 31 October 1940. The Battle of Britain was fought above the skies of Britain, between the RAF and the German Luftwaffe