Biology: Transcription, RNA Types & Translation

What base pairs with Adenine in RNA?

Uracil

What base pairs with Cytosine in RNA?

Guanine

What is the type of sugar found in DNA?

Deoxyribose

What is the type of sugar found in RNA?

Ribose

How many strands does DNA have?

Two strands

How many strands does RNA have?

One strand

What is the primary function of RNA?

Involved in protein synthesis

What are the three main types of RNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA)

What is transcription?

The process in which DNA copies its genetic information onto RNA.

What enzyme is required for transcription?

RNA Polymerase

What happens during Step 1 of transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates DNA strands.

What is a codon?

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

What is the first step of translation?

Messenger RNA exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.

What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon?

The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.

How many different kinds of amino acids are there?

20 different kinds

What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins?

DNA gives the code, RNA carries it, and proteins are made from it.

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Forms part of a ribosome where proteins are made.

What does the term 'polypeptide' refer to?

Long chains of amino acids that make up proteins.

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

What is the total number of possible three-base codons in the genetic code?

64 possible codons