BSC 2086L Lab 3

The normal hematocrit of a male is 46 and the normal hematocrit of a female is 42. What factor primarily accounts for the gender difference in normal hematocrit values?

male androgens stimulate RBC production, while female estrogens do not

Please proteins constitute-7% of the blood plasma volume. Which plasma protein is most abundant in the blood?

albumins

What common blood test can provide information about the level of formed elements a person has?

hematocrit

Which organ synthesizes and release more than 90% of plasma proteins?

liver

Immunoglobulins protect the body by attacking foreign proteins and pathogens. Another name for immunoglobulin is

antibody

Plasma constitutes- 55% of the volume of blood. What molecules makes up most of the plasma volume?

water

The iron-containing molecule that is part of the hemoglobin molecule is called_____.

heme

Which formed element functions to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs?

erythrocytes

Erythrocytes do not contain a nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes. What does this indicate to you about RBC molecular and cellular processes?

all of the following responses are correct

What type of condition is suspected if a patient has an abnormally low reticulocyte count?

diminished erythropoiesis

What type of condition would be suspected if a patients’ blood test results are abnormally low for hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and RBC count?

anemia

Which WBC functions to promote inflammation by entering damaged tissues and releasing histamine?

basophil

Which WBC increases during parasitic infections and phagocytizes antibody-labeled materials?

eosinophil

WBCs called granulocytes have specialized secretory vesicles called granules that contain cytotoxic, antimicrobial or other molecular substances. These molecules are released by the cells in a process known as ________ which aids in the body’s non-specific immunity (=innate immunity).

degranulation

________ are small membrane-bound cell fragments that contain enzymes and other substances important for blood clotting.

platelets

All of the formed elements originate from hematopoietic stem cells called _________ which found in the red bone marrow of certain bones.

hemocytoblast

Myeloid stem cells will differentiate into certain formed elements based on the chemical signals that they receive. When influenced by the hormone, erythropoietin (EPO), RBCs will form in a process called ______________.

erythropoiesis

Myeloid stem cells will differentiate into certain formed elements based on the chemical signals that they receive. When they are influenced by the hormone thrombopoietin, they will differentiate into _______________ which will fragment and form thrombocytes.

megakaryocytes

What is the blood type of an individual who has A, B, and D RBC surface antigens, but does NOT have anti-A or anti-B antibodies?

AB+

What is the blood type of an individual who does NOT have A, B, and D RBC surface antigens, but does have anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

O-

When an individual receives an incompatible blood type, it can cause an acute hemolytic reaction. What is the end result of an acute hemolytic reaction?

destruction of RBCs

What type of blood can an individual with “B” blood safely receive in a blood transfusion?

B or O

What type of blood can an individual with “O” blood safely receive in a blood transfusion?

O only

Sensitization of a Rh- mother carrying her first Rh+ can be prevented if she is administered a drug called ___________.

RhoGam

Identify the white blood cells.

neutrophils

Identify the white blood cell

eosinophil

Identify the white blood cell on the left

basophil

Identify the white blood cell.

monocyte

Identify the white blood cell.

lymphocyte

What type of white blood cell is usually elevated in a patient with a bacterial infection?

neutrophils

A CBC is performed to examine the formed elements in a patient's blood. What does CBC stand for?

complete blood count

Which plasma proteins maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumins

Blood is a fluid ___________.

connective tissue

Which plasma protein is involved in the process of blood clotting?

fibrinogen

What type of white blood cell is usually elevated in patients with parasitic infections?

eosinophils

True or False? Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements.

True

Which formed element is the most numerous in blood?

red blood cells

What type of white blood cell is usually elevated in a patient with a viral infection?

lymphocytes

Red blood cell membranes have

agglutinogens that specify that person’s blood type.

ABO and Rh antigens

all the answers are correct

Which of the following statements about blood types is correct?

a person with Type O blood has two recessive alleles and has neither the type A or Type B antigen.

Antibodies to the A and B antigens are

preformed in blood plasma.

True or False? A healthy male patient had his blood typed and it was determined that he has B- blood. We know from his blood type that he has anti-A antibodies and anti-D (anti-Rh) antibodies in his plasma.

True

If a patient’s blood type is AB-, what would the appearance of the A, B, and Rh samples?

A clumped, B clumped, Rh unclumped

Why are individuals with AB+ blood type known as universal recipients for blood transfusions?

They have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood serum does not contain antibodies against A, B, or Rh antigens.

To determine an individual’s blood type, drops of the blood sample are mixed

separately with antiserum containing antibodies that recognize either type A antigens, type B antigens, or Rh antigens.

Antigens

are present on all cells.

ABO and Rh agglutinogens

can cause the most vigorous and potentially fatal transfusion reactions.

If a carbohydrate is attached to a phospholipid in the plasma membrane, this structure is called a(n) ____________.

glycolipid

If a carbohydrate is attached to a protein in the plasma membrane, this structure is called a(n) ____________.

glycoprotein

The clumping of cell-bound antigens and antibodies in a lattice is called ____________.

agglutination

ABO blood types are determined by the presence or absence of glycoproteins called __________.

antigens

ABO glycoproteins are located on the outer surface of the _____________.

red blood cell

Proteins that bind to specific antigens are called _____________.

antibodies

A person’s ABO blood type can be determined in the Lab by adding ___________ to their blood sample and looking for agglutination.

antisera

Anti-A only

Antisera bottles contain _______________. Select all that apply

antibodies against a specific red blood cell antigen; antibodies against a specific red blood cell agglutinogens

When performing a blood typing assay, you are at the step where you must mix the wells. Your Lab partner says to save time, you should use the same stirring stick to mix all three wells. What do you think would happen if you did this?

cross contamination of the blood would occur

What blood type would type B+ appear to be if you accidentally added B+ blood and anti-B antisera to all three wells?

AB+

O-

Select all the statements that correctly describe proper disposal of Lab materials being used for the blood typing assay. Select all that apply

disposal of the used blood typing tray into the hazardous waste bin; disposal of used pipets and stirring sticks into the hazardous waste bin

A+

O+

B-

AB-

Select all the antibodies that could be present in type A- blood, assuming this person has been exposed to the Rh antigen. Select all that apply

Anti-Rh; Anti-B

The blood type result for neither patient would be correct.

B-, O-, AB-, A-

Yes, because AB+ blood has A, B, and Rh antigens on the red blood cells and therefore won’t react to the A-B-Rh antigens from transfused blood.

Yes, because type O- blood doesn’t have A-B-Rh antigens on their red blood cells that could react with antibodies in the recipient’s blood.