Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science Revision

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering text, sound, image representation, hardware, robotics, operating systems, and secondary data storage based on Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science notes.

The sampling rate of a typical audio CD is __________ ($44,100\text{ Hertz}$ or $44,100\text{ samples per second}$).

$$44.1\,\text{kHz}$$

While standard ASCII uses $7\text{ bits}$ to represent up to $128$ characters, UNICODE uses a minimum of __________ to provide a minimum capacity of $65,536$ characters.

$$16\text{ bits}$$

In a bitmap image, the amount of available colours can be calculated using the formula __________, where $n$ is the colour depth.

$$2^n$$

A __________ touch screen detects touch through changes in electrical charge on the screen surface and supports multi-touch functionality.

capacitive

A __________ projector shows images or video by shining light through tiny mirrors.

Digital Light Processing (DLP)

In an automated control system, a process where outputs are recycled and used as inputs to form a continuous cycle is known as a __________.

feedback loop

Robots that repeat the same programmed instructions over and over without AI are called dumb robots, whereas robots that carry out complex tasks and adapt using AI are called __________.

smart robots

All robots share three common characteristics: mechanical structure, electrical components, and being __________.

programmable

The increased use of robotics and machine learning raises four key ethical and legal issues: safety, algorithmic bias, legal liability, and __________.

accountability

During startup, initial computer boot-up instructions are handled by firmware known as the __________.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

To prevent data loss during an interrupt, the contents of CPU registers are temporarily copied to a reserved RAM structure called a __________.

stack

A Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides user interaction through visual components commonly abbreviated as __________.

WIMP

In system architecture, application software never communicates directly with hardware; instead, the __________ acts as a mandatory bridge.

operating system

On a magnetic hard drive platter, circular tracks intersect with wedge-shaped divisions known as __________.

sectors

In solid-state flash memory cells, electrons are stored to maintain binary data within a __________ sandwiched between two oxide layers.

floating gate

On an optical storage disk, data is represented by transitions between indented pits and flat, unburned reflective surfaces called __________.

lands

When RAM capacity is exceeded, data and inactive program sections are moved to secondary storage in chunks referred to as __________.

pages of data