Unit 2: chapter 4 vocab

if something is wrong tell me and ill change it

Progressivism

-Wanted to get rid of corrupt government officials and make government more responsive to people’s needs.

reform movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Muckrakers

-Fascinated with the ugliest side of things

-writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business

Lincoln Steffens

-Leading muckraker that published a collection of articles on political corruption in the nations cities. Exposed how the gov. of Philadelphia let utility companies charge costumers excessively high fees, corrupt politicians bribe and threaten voters so they win.

-exposed corruption at STATE and MUNICIPAL levels

Jacob Riis

-Used his camera to show crowded, unsafe, rat-infested tenement buildings where urban poor lived

-Influential muckraker and photographer for New York evening sun.

-Write “how the other half lives” and shocked nations conscience and led to reforms.

Upton Sinclair

Wrote “The Jungle” and related despair of immigrants working in chicago’s stockyards, revealed unsanitary conditions in industry, led to making regulations to protect food safety.

-Wrote multiple MUCKRAKING pieces

MUCKRAKER

Social Gospel

-Reform movement thats ought to improve society by applying christian principles.

-Blend of ideas from german socialism and American progressivism.

-Making life on earth closer to promised paradise of heaven by helping others and making world more just.

-called for end of child labor, shorter work-week, pushed fed. government to limit power of corporations and trusts.

Settlement House

Community center that provided social services to urban poor

Jane Addams

-Worked in Hull house, made significant social and economic contributions to the ives of people living in POOr Chicago neighborhoods.

-A pacifist and determined advocate for women's suffrage

-leading figure in settlement house movement.

Direct Primary

election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections

Initiative

-Gave citizens the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in next election by collection citizens signatures on a petition.

-Didn’t have to wait for elected officials to act

Referendum

citizens could approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

-Can be result to initiative

Recall

Gave voters power to remove elected officials from office before their term ends

17th Amendment

1913 constitutional amendment that allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators by citizens

Robert la Follette

-Under his leadership, the wisconsin state government forced railroads to charge lower fees and pay higher taxes.

-Helped his state improve education, make factories safer, and adopt direct primary.

PROGRESSIVE

Temperance movement

-movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it

-Men would use their earning on liquor and would neglect or abuse their families.

Suffrage

-The right to vote

Ida B. Wells

-Helped form the National Association of Colored Women. (NAACP)

-Led anti-lynching campaign through writing for several newspapers and speaking tours

-was born a slave, but attended college after emancipation and became a prominent women's and minority rights activist, worked tirelessly for women's suffrage

Susan B. Anthony

women's rights activist who worked toward gaining the right to vote for women—>so women have voice in political issues.

- helped form the National Women Suffrage Association to fight for Constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote.

Carrie Chapman Catt

-educator before becoming involved in the women's suffrage movement in 1887.

-joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She became its president in 1900 until she dies

-Promoted “winning plan” at (NAWSA), which called for action on 2 fronts to expand women’s right to participate in democratic process.

-Introduced “society plan” to recruit wealthy, well educated women.

NAWSA

-Created in 1890 by Anthonys organization and a rival women’s suffrage group.

-Group that worked on both the state and national levels to gain women the right to vote.

Alice Paul

-Was in National American Woman Suffrage Association(NAWSA), but left to found a more militant organization and founded the National Women’s Party.(NWP) used protest marches .

-After the passage of the 19th amendment, expanded her work for women’s rights and introduced the first equal rights amendment into congress.

19th Amendment

-1920 constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote

-right to vote “shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex.”

-Rivalries Alice Paul and Carrie Catt claimed responsibility for the victory.

Booker T. Washington

-African American activist that promoted educational and economic advancement for blacks as a road to racial equality.

-He believed if they worked hard and waited patiently, African Americans would gradually win whites respect and eventually gain full voting and citizenship rights.

-Founded Tuskegee institute—> wanted African men to learn technical skills and labor next to whites.

W.E.B Du Bois

-He directly urged African Americans to demand immediately all rights guaranteed by constitution.

-African American civil rights activist who advocated steps to create immediate legal, social, and political equality for blacks.

-Helped found NAACP and wanted blacks to seek liberal arts degrees (Higher education)

NAACP

-national Association for advancement of colored people—>Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans

-Aimed to help blacks be “physically free from peonage[forced, low-paid labor], mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disfranchisement and socially free from insult.

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

-granted citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States

-Gave them full voting rights and was used as a way to reward Native Americans for their service in WW1

Theodore Roosevelt

-He was known for his anti-monopoly and busting trust/conservation. Became president of U.S, he was only 43 years old.

-fought corruption, was elected gov. of New York and pushed progressive reforms

-Made an unsuccessful bid for another term in 1912 as candidate of progressive party.

Square Deal

-President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

-Did NOT mean that everyone would get rich or that the government should take care of lazy

Meat Inspection Act

-1906 law that empowered the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants

-Were used to address filthy, unhealthy, conditions in meat packing plants

Pure food and Drug act

-1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs

-FDA monitors companies to make sure people are not hurt by dangerous substances or dishonest labels.

Conservation

- planned management of natural resources, became government policy for managing public lands

Willian Howard Taft

-27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913

-Programs of managing business and natural resources.

-Approved Payne-Aldrich act but it did not lower tariffs as much as Roosevelt wanted

-Passed Mann Elkins act which gave government control over telephone and telegraph rates

-Dropped Roosevelts distinction between good trusts and bad trusts.

Progressive Party

-political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912

Woodrow Wilson

-elected governor of New Jersey and his reforms there brought him national attention and the Democratic presidential nomination in 1912.

-Guided nation through WW1 and negotiated the Versailles treaty as president.

-Shaped ideas into program—>New Freedom—> placed strict government controls on corporations

-Wanted to provide new opportunities, more freedom for small businesses

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses

16th Amendment

-1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to take an income tax——>with no restrictions

Federal Reserve Act

-1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which operates regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks

-Helps protect the American economy from having toooo much money end up in the hands of one person, bank, or region.

Federal Trade Commission

-government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling

-Monitored business practices that might lead to monopoly

-Charged with watching out for false advertising or dishonest labeling

Clayton Anti-trust Act

Strengthened earlier antitrust laws by spelling out those activities in which businesses could NOT engage.—→1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act

Lusitania

British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat during WW1

Zimmerman note

Telegram written by minuter zimmerman proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the U.S during WW1

Selective service act

act passed by congress in 1917 authorizing a draft of men for military service

Espionage Act

Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed materials from the mail.

-Enacted severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans in the 12th century from the south to the north