JOMC 101 Principles of Mass Media Exam 3

Alphabet

A form of writing in which letter represent individual sounds. Sound-based alphabet writing allows any word to be written using only a few dozen unique symbols

Bay Psalm Book

The first book published in North America by the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The book went through more than 50 editions and stayed in print for 125 years

brick-and-mortar

Stores that have a physical presence at which you can stop

Dime Novels

Inexpensive paperback books that sold for as little as 5 cents (despite their name). They were especially popular during the Civil War era

Domestic Novels

Novels written in the 19th century by and for women that told the story of women who overcame tremendous problems to end up in prosperous middle-class homes

e-book reader

Portable device for viewing, and sometimes selling, electronic books and other texts. Among the most popular are the line of Amazon Kindles

Emojis

A word borrowed from Japanese that refers to small icons that are used to express ideas and emotions in SMS and social media messages

Font

All the characters of a typeface in a particular size and style. The term font is typically used interchangeably today with the word typeface

Ideograph

An abstract symbol that stands for a word or phrase. The written forms of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages use ideographs

Inclusive Access

When a textbook publisher licenses textbooks and other course materials to a school so that all students have access to them at a reduced cost

Linotype

A typesetting machine that let an operator type at a keyboard rather than pick each letter out by hand. The Linotype was the standard for typesetting until phototypesetting became common in the 1970s

Paper

A writing material made from cotton rags or wood pulp; invented by the Chinese between 240 BCE and 105 BCE

Papyrus

An early form of paper made from the papyrus reed, developed by the Egyptians around 3100 BCE

Parchment

An early form of paper made from the skin of goats or sheep, which was more durable that papyrus

Pentagon Papers

A top-secret 47 volume report commissioned by the Secretary of Defense to explain how the United States got involved and fought in the Vietnam War

Phonography

A system of writing in which symbols stand for spoken sounds rather than objects or ideas. Among the most widely used phonographic alphabets are the Latin/Roman alphabet used in English and the Cyrillic alphabet used in Russian

Pictograph

A prehistoric form of writing made up of paintings on rock or cave walls

Print on demand

A form of publishing in which the physical book is not printed until it's ordered or until the distributor of the book prints additional copies in small batches

Proofs

The ready to print typeset pages sent to book authors for final corrections

Publishers

The companies that buy manuscripts from authors, turn them into books, and market them to the public

Rotary press

A steam-powered press invented in 1814 that could print many times faster than the older, hand powered flat-bed presses

Scriptoria

Copying rooms in monasteries where monks prepared early hand-copied books

Serial Novels

Novels published and sold in single-chapter installments

Trade books

General-interest fiction and nonfiction books that are sold in hardback or large-format paperback editions

Type mold

A mold in which a printer would pour molten lead to produce multiple identical copies of a single letter without hand carving each

Aggregator sites

Websites that offer help navigating the web by collecting information from various online sources and putting them in one place

ARPAnet

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network; the first nationwide computer network, which became the first major component of the internet

Broadband service

A high-speed continuous connection to the internet using a cable television provider or a digital subscriber line from a phone company

Citizen journalism

Journalism created by people other than professional journalists, often distributed over the internet

Cookies

Tiny files that websites create to identify visitors and potentially track their actions on the site and the web

Deepfake

Audio, video, or image, created through generative AI, that is fake but virtually indistinguishable from a real image or sound

Email

A message sent from one computer user to another across a network

Generative AI

AI programs such as ChatGPT that can create new content such as documents, images, videos, and computer code based on prompts from users

Hacker ethic

A set of values from the early days of interactive computing that holds that users should have absolute control over their computer systems and free access to all information contained on those computers. The hacker ethic shaped much of the development of the internet

Hypertext

Material in a format containing links that allow the reader to move easily from one section to another and from document to document. The most commonly used hypertext documents are web pages

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

One of the three major components of the web; the programming language used to create and format web pages

Hypertext transfer protocol (http)

One of the three major components of the web; a method of sending text, graphics, or anything else over the internet from a server to a web browser

Instant messaging (IM)

Email systems that allow two or more users to chat with one another in real time, hold virtual meetings that span multiple cities or even countries, and keep track of which of their "buddies" are currently logged on to the system

Internet

"A diverse set of independent networks, interlinked to provide its users with the appearance of a single, uniform network", a mass medium like no other, incorporating elements of interpersonal, group, and mass communications

Mobile advertising ID

A unique ID on mobile devices that allows advertisers to identify which device is accessing their information

Mosaic

The first easy to use graphical web browser, developed by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Packet switching

A method for breaking up long messages into small pieces, or packets, and transmitting them independently across a computer network. Once the packets arrive at their destination, the receiving computer assembles the message into its original form

TCP/IP

TCP stand for transmission control protocol, which controls how data is sent out on the internet; IP stands for internet protocol, which provides the address for each computer on the internet. These protocols provided common rules and translations so that incompatible computers could communicate with each other

Atari

An early video game company named after the equivalent of "checkmate" in the ancient Chinese strategy board game Go

Augmented reality

Where a computer of smartphone adds online imagery in real time to photos or videos of real life

Battle royale games

A video game where 100 players enter into a digital arena and the last player standing is the winner

eSports

Organized video game team competition for spectators

Pokemon

A series of games and other media properties based on players collecting "pocket monsters" to compete against each other. They have been globally popular since being introduced in Japan in 1996

Pong

A ping pong simulations that was the first commercially successful arcade video game

Social media

Websites that allow users to generate content, comment, tag, and network with friends or other like-minded people

Turing test

A test developed by mathematician Alan Turing to see whether a person could distinguish whether they were interacting with a computer or a person. It is a test for artificial intelligence