Exam 2: PHOTOS ONLY (with desc)

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89 Terms

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caput succedaneum

soft tissue swelling that crosses the suture lines caused by pressure on the head during birth

<p>soft tissue swelling that crosses the suture lines caused by pressure on the head during birth</p>
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cephalohematoma

collection of blood between the scalp and skull that takes several weeks to resolve: remains on one side of the suture line

<p>collection of blood between the scalp and skull that takes several weeks to resolve: remains on one side of the suture line</p>
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positional plagiocephaly

flattening of one side of the head due to moldable nature of baby heads and laying on their back

<p>flattening of one side of the head due to moldable nature of baby heads and laying on their back</p>
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hydrocephalus

obstruction of draining of CSF → excessive accumulation → increased intracranial pressure and enlargement of head (macrocephaly)

<p>obstruction of draining of CSF → excessive accumulation → increased intracranial pressure and enlargement of head (macrocephaly)</p>
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down syndrome (trisomy 21)

  • most common chromosomal abnormality with characteristic facial abnormalities

    • upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal dolds

    • flat nasal bridge and small, broad nose

    • protruding thick tongue

    • ear dysplasia

    • broad neck

    • webbing and small hands with single palmar crease


<ul><li><p>most common chromosomal abnormality with characteristic facial abnormalities</p><ul><li><p>upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal dolds</p></li><li><p>flat nasal bridge and small, broad nose</p></li><li><p>protruding thick tongue</p></li><li><p>ear dysplasia</p></li><li><p>broad neck</p></li><li><p>webbing and small hands with single palmar crease</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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allergic salute and crease

appearance of transverse line nose in response to chronically repeated use of head to push the nose up and back

<p>appearance of transverse line nose in response to chronically repeated use of head to push the nose up and back</p>
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torticollis

head is tilted to one side with the chin rotated toward the opposite side

<p>head is tilted to one side with the chin rotated toward the opposite side</p>
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goiter

enlargement of thyroid gland located in lower front of neck

<p>enlargement of thyroid gland located in lower front of neck</p>
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pilar cyst

smooth, firm, swelling on scalp; well circumscribed, mobile

<p>smooth, firm, swelling on scalp; well circumscribed, mobile</p>
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anisocoria

unequal pupils; can be a sign of stroke, brain tumor, hemorrhage (increases intracranial pressure)

<p>unequal pupils; can be a sign of stroke, brain tumor, hemorrhage (increases intracranial pressure)</p>
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enophthalmos

sunken eyes

<p>sunken eyes</p>
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exophthalmos

protruding eyes

<p>protruding eyes</p>
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strabismus

crossed eyes

<p>crossed eyes</p>
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ptosis

drooping eyelid

<p>drooping eyelid</p>
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cataracts

vision becomes cloudy

<p>vision becomes cloudy</p>
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glaucoma

  • loss of peripheral vision

  • requires intervention while you age

  • due to optic damage

  • risk factors: age, diabetes, intraocular pressure, optic damage, prolonged steroid use


<ul><li><p>loss of peripheral vision</p></li><li><p>requires intervention while you age</p></li><li><p>due to optic damage</p></li><li><p>risk factors: age, diabetes, intraocular pressure, optic damage, prolonged steroid use</p></li></ul><p></p>
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age-related macular degeneration

  • loss of central vision

    • dry: chronic, happens over time

    • wet: abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina

  • risk factors: smoking


<ul><li><p>loss of central vision</p><ul><li><p>dry: chronic, happens over time</p></li><li><p>wet: abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina</p></li></ul></li><li><p>risk factors: smoking</p></li></ul><p></p>
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homonymous hemianopsia

loss of same side of both eyes

<p>loss of same side of both eyes</p>
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heteronymous hemianopsia

  • loss of opposite halves of each eye

    • binasal: loss inner

    • bitemporal: loss outer


<ul><li><p>loss of opposite halves of each eye</p><ul><li><p>binasal: loss inner</p></li><li><p>bitemporal: loss outer</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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ectropion

drooping of bottom eyelid

<p>drooping of bottom eyelid</p>
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entropion

drooping of top eyelid

<p>drooping of top eyelid</p>
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blepharitis

inflammation of inferior part of the eye where eyelashes grow

<p>inflammation of inferior part of the eye where eyelashes grow</p>
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dacryocystitis

inflammation and infection of lacrimal sac caused by blockage in the nasolacrimal duct that leads to fluid stagnation

<p>inflammation and infection of lacrimal sac caused by blockage in the nasolacrimal duct that leads to fluid stagnation </p>
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chalazion

chronic painless lump

<p>chronic painless lump</p>
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hordeolum (styes)

acute painful bacterial infection → warm compress

<p>acute painful bacterial infection → warm compress</p>
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conjunctivitis

  • inflammation of conjunctiva: beefy, red-looking vessels due to infection or chemical irritation

  • symptoms: itching, burning, foreign body sensation, eyelids stuck together


<ul><li><p>inflammation of conjunctiva: beefy, red-looking vessels due to infection or chemical irritation</p></li><li><p>symptoms: itching, burning, foreign body sensation, eyelids stuck together</p></li></ul><p></p>
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subconjunctival hemorrhage

due to increased pressure in eyeball → forceful vomiting → burst blood vessels

<p>due to increased pressure in eyeball → forceful vomiting → burst blood vessels</p>
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battle sign

bruising behind ear in the mastoid region → indicates basilar skull fracture

<p>bruising behind ear in the mastoid region → indicates basilar skull fracture</p>
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sebaceous cysts

  • smooth, round nodule on ear

  • commonly behind postauricular fold


<ul><li><p>smooth, round nodule on ear</p></li><li><p>commonly behind postauricular fold</p></li></ul><p></p>
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tophi

small, whitish yellow, hard nodules over helix or antihelix


<p>small, whitish yellow, hard nodules over helix or antihelix</p><p></p>
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keloid

hypertrophic scar formed with excessive collagen which appear as a smooth, elevated nodule with a well-defined border on earlobe

<p>hypertrophic scar formed with excessive collagen which appear as a smooth, elevated nodule with a well-defined border on earlobe</p>
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chondrodermatitis nodularis helices

small, painful nodule on helix or antihelix

<p>small, painful nodule on helix or antihelix</p>
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carcinoma

raised nodule with pearly translucent border on ear

<p>raised nodule with pearly translucent border on ear</p>
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cold sores

  • HSV-1

  • painful, fluid-filled blisters around lips


<ul><li><p>HSV-1</p></li><li><p>painful, fluid-filled blisters around lips</p></li></ul><p></p>
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angular cheilitis

inflammatory condition that causes cracking, redness, and soreness at corners of mouth

<p>inflammatory condition that causes cracking, redness, and soreness at corners of mouth</p>
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candidiasis

  • (thrush) fungal infection of oral cavity

  • white patches on tongue, inner cheeks, or other oral surfaces


<ul><li><p>(thrush) fungal infection of oral cavity</p></li><li><p>white patches on tongue, inner cheeks, or other oral surfaces</p></li></ul><p></p>
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cleft lip and palate

craniofacial differences during embryologic growth

<p>craniofacial differences during embryologic growth</p>
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ankyloglossia

tongue-tied where tongue connects to floor of mouth

<p>tongue-tied where tongue connects to floor of mouth</p>
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glossitis

inflammation of the tongue; swelling, redness, smooth appearance

<p>inflammation of the tongue; swelling, redness, smooth appearance</p>
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macroglossia

abnormally enlarged tongue that interferes with breathing, eating, and speech

<p>abnormally enlarged tongue that interferes with breathing, eating, and speech</p>
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pharyngitis

inflammation of pharynx with bright red throat

<p>inflammation of pharynx with bright red throat</p>
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umbilical hernia

  • soft skin covered mass protrusion → incomplete closure of ring

  • common in newborns but disappears by age 1


<ul><li><p>soft skin covered mass protrusion → incomplete closure of ring</p></li><li><p>common in newborns but disappears by age 1</p></li></ul><p></p>
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epigastric hernia

  • protrusion of abdominal structure with a hole in musculature = fatty nodule

    • self-reducing at the muscular wall of the abdomen


<ul><li><p>protrusion of abdominal structure with a hole in musculature = fatty nodule</p><ul><li><p>self-reducing at the muscular wall of the abdomen</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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incisional hernia

  • bulge on or near an older operative scar

  • not usually noted until standing


<ul><li><p>bulge on or near an older operative scar</p></li><li><p>not usually noted until standing</p></li></ul><p></p>
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abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

  • pulsating mass with a bruit before the aorta splits

    • at risk of rupturing or disintegrating

  • located near the renal arteries but extends to umbilicus

  • femoral pulses decreases


<ul><li><p>pulsating mass with a bruit before the aorta splits</p><ul><li><p>at risk of rupturing or disintegrating</p></li></ul></li><li><p>located near the renal arteries but extends to umbilicus</p></li><li><p>femoral pulses decreases</p></li></ul><p></p>
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annular

  • lesion pattern

  • circular, begins at center, and spreads outward


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>circular, begins at center, and spreads outward</p></li></ul><p></p>
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confluent

  • lesion pattern

  • run together, overlap, or border each other


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>run together, overlap, or border each other</p></li></ul><p></p>
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discrete

  • lesion pattern

  • distinct, individual lesions that remain separate


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>distinct, individual lesions that remain separate</p></li></ul><p></p>
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gyrate

  • lesion pattern

  • twisted, coiled, spiraled, snake-like


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>twisted, coiled, spiraled, snake-like</p></li></ul><p></p>
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grouped

  • lesion pattern

  • cluster of lesions


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>cluster of lesions</p></li></ul><p></p>
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linear

  • lesion pattern

  • streak, line, stripe


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>streak, line, stripe</p></li></ul><p></p>
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target

  • lesion pattern

  • concentric rings


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>concentric rings</p></li></ul><p></p>
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zosteriform

  • lesion pattern

  • linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve root


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve root</p></li></ul><p></p>
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polycyclic

  • lesion pattern

  • annular lesions that grow together


<ul><li><p>lesion pattern</p></li><li><p>annular lesions that grow together</p></li></ul><p></p>
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macule/patch

  • primary lesion

  • flat, change in color

  • patch: when it is greater than 1cm


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>flat, change in color</p></li><li><p>patch: when it is greater than 1cm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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papule

  • primary lesion

  • elevated, solid, circumscribed, small, less than 1cm


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>elevated, solid, circumscribed, small, less than 1cm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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nevus (mole)

  • primary lesion

  • clump of melanocytes


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>clump of melanocytes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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plaque

  • primary lesion

  • papules that overlap to become greater than 1cm


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>papules that overlap to become greater than 1cm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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nodule

  • primary lesion

  • solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1cm, deeper than a papule


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1cm, deeper than a papule</p></li></ul><p></p>
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wheal

  • primary lesion

  • superficial, raised, transient, or erythematous; irregular in shape

  • urticaria = overall condition (hives)


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>superficial, raised, transient, or erythematous; irregular in shape</p></li><li><p>urticaria = overall condition (hives)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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vesicles/bulla

  • primary lesion

  • elevated, free fluid

  • bulla: when greater than 1cm


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>elevated, free fluid</p></li><li><p>bulla: when greater than 1cm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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cyst

  • primary lesion

  • encapsulated, fluid-filled in dermis or SUBQ tissue


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>encapsulated, fluid-filled in dermis or SUBQ tissue</p></li></ul><p></p>
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pustule

  • primary lesion

  • pus-filled, white top


<ul><li><p>primary lesion</p></li><li><p>pus-filled, white top</p></li></ul><p></p>
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crust

  • secondary lesion

  • thickened, dried, and exudate when a vesicle or papule dries out


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>thickened, dried, and exudate when a vesicle or papule dries out</p></li></ul><p></p>
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scale

  • secondary lesion

  • flake of skin due to dried skin


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>flake of skin due to dried skin</p></li></ul><p></p>
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fissure

  • secondary lesion

  • linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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erosion

  • secondary lesion

  • shallow, scooped out, superficial, no bleeding, no scar after healing


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>shallow, scooped out, superficial, no bleeding, no scar after healing</p></li></ul><p></p>
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ulcer

  • secondary lesion

  • deeper, into dermis, irregular shape, bleeding, can scar after healing


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>deeper, into dermis, irregular shape, bleeding, can scar after healing</p></li></ul><p></p>
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excoriation

  • secondary lesion

  • self-inflicted, superficial


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>self-inflicted, superficial</p></li></ul><p></p>
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scar

  • secondary lesion

  • replaced collagen with scar tissue


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>replaced collagen with scar tissue</p></li></ul><p></p>
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atrophic scar

  • secondary lesion

  • depressed skin without loss of tissue


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>depressed skin without loss of tissue</p></li></ul><p></p>
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keloid

  • secondary lesion

  • benign, excess of scar tissue


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>benign, excess of scar tissue</p></li></ul><p></p>
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lichenification

  • secondary lesion

  • prolonged itching thickens the skin, tightly packed papules → raised area of skin


<ul><li><p>secondary lesion</p></li><li><p>prolonged itching thickens the skin, tightly packed papules → raised area of skin</p></li></ul><p></p>
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stage 1 pressure ulcer

non-blanchable erythema; redness does not turn white with pressure

<p>non-blanchable erythema; redness does not turn white with pressure</p>
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stage 2 pressure ulcer

partial thickness skin loss; lost epidermis, exposed dermis

<p>partial thickness skin loss; lost epidermis, exposed dermis</p>
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stage 3 pressure ulcer

full thickness skin loss; lost dermis, exposed SUBQ

<p>full thickness skin loss; lost dermis, exposed SUBQ</p>
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stage 4 pressure ulcer

full thickness skin/tissue loss; exposure of muscle, tendon, or bone

<p>full thickness skin/tissue loss; exposure of muscle, tendon, or bone</p>
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mongolian spots

  • hyperpigmentation common in black, asian, native, and latino patients

  • blue, black to purple macular area

  • often located on buttocks or sacrum

  • differentiate from bruising → inappropriate observation if no abuse associated


<ul><li><p>hyperpigmentation common in black, asian, native, and latino patients</p></li><li><p>blue, black to purple macular area</p></li><li><p>often located on buttocks or sacrum</p></li><li><p>differentiate from bruising → inappropriate observation if no abuse associated</p></li></ul><p></p>
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café au lait spots 

  • large, round/oval patches

  • light brown pigmentation

  • neurofibromatosis: if more than 6 are greater than 1.5cm


<ul><li><p>large, round/oval patches</p></li><li><p>light brown pigmentation</p></li><li><p>neurofibromatosis: if more than 6 are greater than 1.5cm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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harlequin color change

  • normal flushing

  • red or pale color down the midline or horizontal line


<ul><li><p>normal flushing</p></li><li><p>red or pale color down the midline or horizontal line</p></li></ul><p></p>
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erythema toxicum

  • self-limiting

  • common rash in the first 3 to 4 days of life

  • tiny red macules and papules on cheeks, trunk, chest, back, or buttocks

  • idiopathic and there is no treatment


<ul><li><p>self-limiting</p></li><li><p>common rash in the first 3 to 4 days of life</p></li><li><p>tiny red macules and papules on cheeks, trunk, chest, back, or buttocks</p></li><li><p>idiopathic and there is no treatment</p></li></ul><p></p>
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cutis marmorata

  • transient mottling; discoloration that comes and goes

  • response to being cold


<ul><li><p>transient mottling; discoloration that comes and goes</p></li><li><p>response to being cold</p></li></ul><p></p>
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acne

  • open and closed comedones

  • severe: papules, pustules, nodules → painful


<ul><li><p>open and closed comedones</p></li><li><p>severe: papules, pustules, nodules → painful</p></li></ul><p></p>
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solar lentigines

  • liver spots → small, flat, round macules

  • cluster of melanocytes due to sun exposure


<ul><li><p>liver spots → small, flat, round macules</p></li><li><p>cluster of melanocytes due to sun exposure</p></li></ul><p></p>
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keratosis

  • raised, thickened area of pigmentation

  • crusted, scaly, wart-like


<ul><li><p>raised, thickened area of pigmentation</p></li><li><p>crusted, scaly, wart-like</p></li></ul><p></p>
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actinic keratosis (AK)

  • red, tan, scaly plaques

  • sun-exposed areas


<ul><li><p>red, tan, scaly plaques</p></li><li><p>sun-exposed areas</p></li></ul><p></p>
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petechiae

little pin pricks, often due to popped capillaries

<p>little pin pricks, often due to popped capillaries</p>
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bruising

check for ecchymosis/contusion/hematoma

<p>check for ecchymosis/contusion/hematoma</p>
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cherry (senile) hemangiomas

small, 1 to 5mm, smooth, and slightly raised bright red dots

<p>small, 1 to 5mm, smooth, and slightly raised bright red dots</p>