Flashcards Global Health Chapters 8 to 13

Which infectious disease does the World Health Organization re... be treated with directly observed therapy, short-course (DOTS)?

Tuberculosis

Of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and smallpox, which causes... the greatest number of deaths among children worldwide each year?

Malaria

Which hospital-associated infection also occurs in community settings, where it can be transmitted via contact with unsterilized sports equipment and other everyday items?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Chronic eye infections are associated with which STI?

Chlamydia

Which bacteria are rod-shaped?

Bacilli

The time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of contagious disease is called the incubation period.

False

True or False? For most people with HIV, antiretroviral therapy is effective at managing HIV as a chronic condition and enabling many years of healthy life that would be impossible without the medicines.

True

True or False? The increasing number of people living with HIV is due, in part, to expanded access to antiviral medications that enable people with HIV to live longer lives.

True

True or False? If an HIV-infected mother takes ARVs during pregnancy and delivery, it significantly reduces the risk of transmission to the infant.

True

Expanding access to TB diagnosis and treatment would increase the case fatality rate.

False

Oral rehydration salts might be prescribed to treat which condition?

Diarrhea

Which of the following refers to an infectious disease that usually occurs only in humans and not in animals?

Anthroponosis

Which term describes acute inflammation of the brain?

Encephalitis

Which theory says that when a high proportion of a population is immune to a specific infectious disease, the entire community is protected, including those who are unable to receive vaccines?

Herd immunity

Which form of hepatitis is now transmitted primarily through injecting drug use?

Hepatitis C

True or False? The unnecessary burden of infectious diseases on children in low-income countries is sufficient reason for infectious disease prevention and control to remain a global health priority.

True

True or False? Norovirus outbreaks can affect the majority of passengers on cruise ships because norovirus is very contagious.

True

True or False? Chronic conditions have a rapid onset and typically resolve within a few days or weeks.

False

True or False? Children with severe pneumonia are much more likely to survive if they are treated at home rather than in a hospital.

False

True or False? If a disease is enzootic, it is always present in an animal population.

True

Which of these infectious diseases have humans eradicated?

Smallpox

Dracunculiasis is nearing eradication thanks to a campaign led by the Carter Center that emphasizes which strategy?

Filtering drinking water

Which disease is a trypanosome infection that causes chronic heart and intestinal damage?

Chagas disease

Malaria has been the target of international public health efforts since the late 1800s when scientists first discovered that the malaria parasite was transmitted to humans through the bites of which organism?

Mosquito

Which presentation of leishmaniasis disease destroys the mucous membranes in the nose, mouth, and throat?

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

True or False? Taeniasis caused by beef tapeworm can cause serious problems in the human nervous system.

False

True or False? Outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis occur regularly in Asia and Oceania even though the infection is vaccine-preventable

True

True or False? People bitten by a rabid animal die when they do not receive post-bite vaccination, a type of post-exposure prophylaxi

True

True or False? The term eradication can be used to describe the elimination of a disease within a country or region even when cases are still occurring in other places.

False

True or False? A virulent infection often has a high case fatality rate because a sizable proportion of people who become ill from the infection will die.

True

Because few miscarriages and abortions are reported to healthcare professionals, most global health reports use which of the following to measure pregnancies in population?

Gravidity

Which term describes relentless nausea and vomiting that causes severe dehydration and significant weight loss during pregnancy?

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Which of the following is an example of a barrier method of birth control?

Contraceptive sponges

Which term describes the changes in population composition that accompany the shift toward lower birth and death rates that often occurs as populations move from being lower-income economies toward being middle-income and then higher-income economies?

Demographic transition

Which condition involves benign tumors in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding and pelvic pain?

Fibroids

True or False? Reproductive health is not just about pregnancy, and it is relevant to both adolescents and adults of all genders and ages.

True

True or False? Benign prostatic hyperplasia may cause difficulty with sexual performance.

True

True or False? Low-income countries often have low fertility rates that make the population "pyramid" look more like a rectangle or cube.

False

True or False? Cisgender describes a person whose gender identity does not match the sex assigned at birth.

False

True or False? The delivery of a baby in the 36th week of pregnancy is considered a preterm birth.

True

UNICEF and the WHO recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first _____ of life.

6 months

Children with which condition are emaciated, weak, and lethargic because of long-term calorie deprivation?

Marasmus

Which term describes a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?

Anemia

Which of the following is the process of adding micronutrients not naturally present in a food's ingredients to a food product?

Fortification

Babies born to mothers who have hypothyroidism may be stillborn or be born with congenital hypothyroidism caused by lack of which mineral during fetal development

Iodine

True or False? One of the driving motivations for keeping nutrition as a global health priority is the ethical imperative to protect vulnerable children no matter where they happen to have been born.

True

True or False? Simple carbohydrates are made up of very short chains of sugars and are easily absorbed into the bloodstream.

True

True or False? The labeling requirements set forth by the Codex Alimentarius are standardized across all markets.

False

True or False? The World Health Organization's growth charts can be used worldwide because scientific evidence shows that infants and children from geographically diverse regions experience very similar growth patterns when their health and nutritional needs are met.

True

True or False? The transition toward overnutrition as the dominant global nutrition concern is primarily a function of genetic changes as humans evolve.

False

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the myocardium and is typically caused by a viral infection?

Myocarditis

The goal of _____ prevention for CVD is to detect CVD before it becomes symptomatic.

Secondary prevention

Which health behavior theory describes individual behavior change as a multistage process of moving from precontemplation to contemplation, preparation for action, action, and maintenance?

Transtheoretical model

The WHO recommends that adults average at least _____ minutes of moderate vigorous physical activity daily.

30 minutes

Which type of stroke involves a ruptured blood vessel that causes blood to fill the space between the skull and the brain?

Subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

True or False? The disability caused by common cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes is very expensive for families and nations, and much of the burden cardiovascular disease is preventable.

True

True or False? A 75-year-old man is much more likely to die from CVD if he lives in a high-income country instead of a low-income country.

False

True or False? The best way to reduce the costs of ischemic heart disease for individuals and for health systems is to invest in prevention.

True

True or False? In pre-epidemiologic transition populations, chronic noncommunicable diseases are responsible for most of the disease burden

False

True or False? There is no physiological cutoff point that defines clinical hypertension, but the threshold used to define people as having high blood pressure has been lowered over time.

True