RADT 113: Lower Limb and Pelvic Girdle TEST 5

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Foot

What are the bones of the lower limb?

Femur

______:

• thigh bone

• 2 femora - R & L

• long bone

• largest bone in the lower limb

• longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body

• has a proximal end, body, and distal end

head

Femur - Proximal End:

• ________- the upper expanded rounded end that articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint

• Not palpable

• B / 2

Acetabulum

Femur - Proximal End:

• What does the head of the femur articulate with to form the hip joint?

fovea

Femur - Proximal End:

• The pit of the femoral head (_____) is a small but definite hole at the center of the head.

• The ligament of the femoral head is attached to this.

• A / 1

Neck

Femur - Proximal End:

________- the constricted part connecting the head to the body of the

femur

• C

greater trochanter

Femur - Proximal End:

_________ __________- a large prominence on the lateral surface of the

upper femur

• D / 14

lesser trochanter

Femur - Proximal End:

________ ____________- a much smaller rounded process that extends

medially at the junction of the neck and shaft

• O / 3

intertrochanteric crest

Femur - Proximal End:

______________ _______- a ridge of bone that passes obliquely between

the trochanters on the posterior margin

• 13

intertrochanteric line

Femur - Proximal End:

_______________ _____ - a ridge that extends obliquely between the

trochanters on the anterior margin

• E

shaft

Femur - Body:

_______: the long cylindrical part that becomes broadened as it approached the knee

• F

linea aspera

Femur - Body:

_____ _____ - a double bony ridge that passes longitudinally down

the posterior surface of the body of the femur

• It divides below into 2 ridges that are directed to the margins of the femur

• 5

medial condyle

Femur - Distal:

___________ __________: rounded knoblike process that forms the medial part of the

distal end of the femur.

• Its smooth surface articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia at the knee joint

• K / 8

Lateral condyle

Femur - Distal:

________ __________: a similar rounded process forming the lateral part of the distal

end of the femur.

• It articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia forming part of the knee joint.

• I / 10

medial epicondyle

Femur - Distal:

________ ________: a large prominence on the medial surface of the lower femur just above the medial condyle

• L

Lateral Epicondyle

Femur - Distal:

_________ __________: a smaller rounded process on the lateral surface of the

lower femur above the lateral condyle.

• H

intercondylar notch/ fossa

Femur - Distal:

____________ ___/___- a deep notch located between the inferior &

posterior parts of the femoral condyles

• 9

Adductor tubercle

Femur - Distal:

_______ ________- a small process on the medial surface above the medial epicondyle

• M / 7

Patellar articular surface

Femur - Distal:

______ ________ _______ – the smooth anterior surface of the distal part

of the femur between the anterior parts of the femoral condyles. It forms

a joint with the patella

• J

Popliteal Surface

Femur - Distal:

_______ _________-the flat area on the dorsal surface of the lower femur

between the divided ridges of the linea aspera

patella

__________: Aka knee cap

• 2 patellae, a R & L

• Sesamoid bone

• Lies anterior to the lower end of femur

• It is palpable, and has a base and apex

sesamoid

Patella:

What type of bone is the patella?

base

Patella:

_______- the proximal slightly rounded upper border

• A

apex

Patella:

_______- the lower pointed end

• B

Facet for the lateral condyle of the femur

Patella - posterior:

_____ for the ____ _____ of the ____ - large, on posterior aspect

• 1

Facet for the medial condyle of the femur

Patella - posterior:

_____ for the ____ _____ of the ____ - smaller, on posterior aspect

• 3

Tibia

• Shin bone

• Long bone

• Lies medial to the fibula

• Expanded at the upper (knee) and lower (ankle) ends

• Lies close to the skin surface

Tubercles of intercondylar eminence

Tibia - proximal end:

• a small double pointed process on the proximal end of the tibia located between the articulation surfaces of the medial and lateral condyle of the tibia

• Slightly posterior to the midpoint

• 2 small tubercles can be identified there

• Extends into the intercondylar notch of the femur

• C / 2

Medial condyle

Tibia - proximal end:

• medial part of the upper expanded end of the tibia

• Smooth, slightly concave proximal surface articulates wiht the medial condyle of the femur at the knee joint

• D / 3

Lateral condyle

Tibia - proximal end:

• the lateral part of the upper expanded end of the tibia

• Smooth superior surface articulates with the lateral femoral condyle at the knee joint

• B / 1

Tibial Tuberosity

Tibia - proximal end:

• a round prominence on the anterior surface of the tibia below the condyle

• Can be felt through the skin

• E

Fibular Facet

Tibia - proximal end:

• small smooth rounded area on the posterolateral border of the lateral tibial condyle

• A

Fibula

Tibia - proximal end:

• what does the fibulae facet articulate with to from the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Body

Tibia - _____:

• long study part that becomes flattened as it approaches the ankle

Anterior border

Tibia:

• G

Medial surface

Tibia:

• H

Medial border

Tibia:

• 5

Inferior articular surface

Tibia - distal:

• Smooth surface on the distal end of the tibia that articulates with the talus, forming the ankle joint

Medial Malleolus

Tibia - distal:

• projects down from the margin of the distal end of the tibia

• Reaches one inch below the level of the ankle joint

• Forms a large prominence on the medial border of the ankle joint that is visible and palpable

• I / 8

Fibular notch

Tibia - distal:

• concave depression on the lateral surface of the tibia just above the ankle joint

• Articulates the the medial border of the lower fibula to form the distal tibiofibular joint

• J / 7

Fibular notch

Tibia - distal:

• what the fibula interact with to form the distal tibiofibular joint?

Fibula

• calf bone

• Long bone

• Long slender bone on the lateral side of the tibia

Ankle joint

Tibia:

• What joint does the fibula form?

Ankle joint

Tibia:

• does the tibia form the ankle joint or the knee joint?

Head

Fibula:

• its upper expanded end of that articulates with the fibular articular surface of the tibia

• K / 9

Apex/ Styloid process

Fibula:

• the pointed upper end of the head

Body

Fibula:

• long and slender

Lateral Malleolus

Fibula:

• the distal expanded end of the fibula.

• It extends down on the lateral margin of the ankle joint for about three quarters of an inch.

• Its tip is at a lower level than that of the medial malleolus.

• Along with the medial malleolus it forms the ankle mortice.

• N / 12

Ankle mortice

Fibula;

What does the medial and lateral Malleolus form together?

Lateral surface

Fibula

• m

Posterior border

Fibula

• 11

7

How many tarsal bones does the foot have?

Short bones

What types of bones are the tarsals?

Tarsals

What forms the posterior part of the foot?

Anterior

The (anterior/posterior) group of tarsals forms a joint with a metatarsal bone

Talus

Calcaneus

What are the proximal tarsal bones?

Navicular

Medial cuneiform

Intermediate cuneiform

Lateral cuneiform

Cuboid

What are the distal tarsal bones?

Talus

Tarsals:

• It lies between the distal end of the tibia and the calcaneus, transmitting the body weight to the calcaneus

• H

trochlea articular surface

Tarsal:

The _____ _____ _____ is the upper smooth convex surface of the talus that articulates with the lower end of the tibia.

• The medial and lateral surfaces of the body below the trochlea are smooth and articulate with the medial and lateral malleoli forming the ankle mortice.

Body

Tarsals - talus:

What part of the talus articulates with the medial and lateral malleoli forming the ankle mortice?

Head

Tarsals - talus:

• is the rounded anterior end of the talus.

• Its convex anterior surface articulates with the posterior surface of the navicular bone

Inferior

Tarsals - talus:

• The (inferior/superior) surface of the talus has 3 articular surfaces that form joints with smooth surfaces on the calcaneus.

  • The middle one lies above the sustentaculum tali.

Calcaneal Tuberosity

Tarsals - calcaneus:

its enlarged posterior end- visible and palpable

sustentaculum tali

Tarsals - calcaneus:

a small but definite shelf of bone that projects medially from the medial surface of the calcaneus immediately below the talus, which it helps to support

Navicular

Tarsals:

• boat shaped

• Lies anterior to the talus and behind the 3 cuneiform bones, on the medial side of the ankle

• G

Cuboid

Tarsals:

• lies on the lateral side of the foot and has the calcaneus behind it, with the fourth and fifth metatarsals in front

• J

Medial cuneiform

Tarsals:

• first cuneiform-

• located on the medial border of the foot anterior to the navicular and posterior to the first metatarsal bone

• D

Intermediate cuneiform

Tarsals:

• second cuneiform-

• located lateral to the medial cuneiform,

• posterior to the second metatarsal bone and anterior to the navicular bone

• E

Lateral cuneiform

• third cuneiform-

• lies lateral to the intermediate cuneiform,

• posterior to the third metatarsal, and in front of the navicular bone

• F

cuneiform

Tarsals:

All 3 _______ bones articulate with the navicular bone and with a metatarsal bone

5

How many metatarsals are in one foot?

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

How are the metatarsals named from medial/ great toe side of the foot to the little toe?

Fifth

Which toe has a tuberosity on the lateral margin of the bone?

joints

The bases of the metatarsals form _____ with the anterior tarsal bones

bases

The heads of the metatarsals articulate with the ______ of the proximal phalanges of the toes

14

How many phalanges are in one foot?

5

How many digits are in one foot?

Two

How many phalanges does the big toe (hallux) have?

3

How many phalanges do digits 2 through 5 have each?

Shaft of distal phalanx of great toe

A

Shaft of proximal phalanx of great toe

B

Shaft of 1st metatarsal

C

Base of 5th metatarsal

K

Shaft of 5th metatarsal

L

Head of 5th metatarsal

M

Shaft of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

N

Shaft of middle phalanx of 4th toe

O - part

Head of distal phalanx of 3rd toe

part

P

Interphalangeal joint of great toe (synovial hinge joint)

1

• list joint type too

1st metatarsophalangeal joint (synovial ellipsoid joint)

2

5th distal interphalangeal joint (synovial hinge joint)

3

2nd proximal interphalangeal joint (synovial hinge joint)

4

Knee joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

Formed by the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia, and the patellar surface of the femur articulating with the patella

Superior tibiofibular joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• Located between the adjacent upper margins of the tibia and fibula

• Formed by a fibular articular surface on the upper posterior margin of the lateral tibial condyle articulating with the articular surface on the medial margin of the head of the fibula

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• Located between the inferior margins of the tibia and fibular above the ankle joint

• Formed by the medial surface of the lower part of the fibula articulating with the fibular notch of the tibia, on its lateral side

Ankle Joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• Located at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula where they join the foot

• Formed by the inferior articular surface of the tibia articulating with the trochlea of the talus and the medial and lateral malleoli with the medial and lateral surface of the talus

Intertarsal joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• located between adjacent tarsal bones

5

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• how many tarsometatarsal joints are in one foot?

Tarsometatarsal joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• Located between the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the foot

• Formed by the medial cuneiform articulating with the base of the 1st metatarsal, the intermediate cuneiform with the base of the 2nd metatarsal, the lateral cuneiform with the base of the 3rd metatarsal, and the cuboid with the bases of the fourth and fifth metatarsals

Intermetatarsal joint

Joints of the Lower Limb:

• 4 in each foot

• Gliding joint

• Located between the bases of the adjacent metatarsal bones