Psychology Chapters 10 and 11

Emotions

an immediate response to something ,one specific negative or postive response

Mood

A diffuse, longer lasting emotional state without a specific trigger

Psysiological process

you're body reaction to a certain emotion like heart beating fast, high blood pressure

Behavioral response

observable reactions that a human has to an emotion like jumping up and down

Cognitive appraisal

how a person labels an emotion, figuring out how to process something

Primary Emotion

born with, in all people and cultures with these emotions everyone experiences them

Secondary emotion

a blend of emotions, already have developed a sense of self also are more complex

Circumflex model

how positive or negative an emotion is, the energy of each emotion

Valence

how good or bad an emotion feels (negative or positive)

Arousal

how strong an emotion is and how activating it is (high or low)

James Lange theory

experience a stimulus, your body will react and then experience emotion

Facial Feedback hypothesis

facial expressions can directly influence the emotion that you want to feel

Cannon-Bard theory

emotion and physical reactions happen independently but at the same time

Schachter- Singer two factor theory

see the stimulus, physiological arousal, think about why are scared, and then feel the emotion

Cross cultural research

seeing how in different cultures some emotions are not okay to show in public or in general

Display rules

socially and culturally learned norms that regulate how, when, and to what extent people express their emotions outwardly

Ideal Affect

the emotional states that people ideally want to feel, as distinct from actual affect

Interpersonal relations

a social connection, bond, or affiliation between two or more people

Autonomic Nervous System

the part of the nervous system that controls the internal work of the body’s automatically, without thinking about it like breathing

Limbic systems

a group of brain structures involved in emotional processing

Amygdala

processes the emotional significance of a stimuli, and it generates immediate emotional and behavioral responses

Motivation

A process that energizes, guides and maintains behavior towards a goal

Needs hierarchy

all of our needs have to be done in order

Self actualization

being the best possible version of yourself, living life to you’re full potential

Homeostasis

the “just right” feeling, having the right amount of food or water, being content

Optimal arousal

how much activation or intensity your body needs at a time

Yerkes-Dodson law

a certain amount of pressure can improve performance, but too little or too much can make you perform worse.

Extrinsic motivation

Something external that is making you motivated to do something

Incentive

a reward you get for doing a task

Intrinsic motivation

a thing that you love to do, makes you feel good and that’s why they do it, get pleasure from doing it

Pleasure approach/pain avoidance

how our brain pushes us to do something that is pleasurable and avoid things that inflict pain

SMART goals

acheiving a goal if it’s specific, measurable achievement can be seen, if the goal is achievable, realistic and time bound

Self-efficacy

Believing that the effort you put in will make you reach you’re goal

Achievement motivation

an individual's internal drive to pursue success, work toward high performance, master difficult skills, and meet a standard of excellence.

Grit

continuing to work even when it gets really hard, drive to keep going even when it gets difficult

Self-regulation

delaying gratification, putting what we want on hold to achieve the goal, ability to finish what we need to accomplish

Need to belong theory

human beings have a fundamental, innate motivation to form and maintain lasting, positive, and significant interpersonal relationships.

Balance theory

always want harmony and balance in any relationship, becoming uncomfortable when this opposing opinion or having to take sides

Cognitive dissonance

the mental discomfort a person feels when holding two or more contradicting beliefs, making a third option to not feel this guilt

Health psychology

the scientific study of the interrelationships among thoughts ,actions and physical and mental health

Well being

life satisfaction, absence of illness, how positive life is

Biopsychosocial model

health, illness, and human behavior as the result of a dynamic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors.

Mortality

amount of deaths, looks at different cultures and environments

The Immigrant paradox

first-generation immigrants often show better physical health, lower rates of mental illness, and higher academic or behavioral adjustment than second- or later-generation

Stress

the uncomfortable feeling when we have stressors in people’s lives, a type of response

Major life stressors

something big that changes the course of someone's life, can be either good or bad, know the exact day it started

Chronic Stress

always there and lurking, doesn’t really go away

Daily hassles

things that just happens all the time, part of humans everyday lives

Eustress

stress from a positive event

Distress

stress from a negative event

Stressor

something that produces stress

Coping response

ways we try to manage or reduce stress

Stress Effects

weaker immune systems, higher cortisol levels, and allostatic load the “wear and tear”

General Adaptive syndrome (GAS)

describes the three-stage physiological response the body goes through when exposed to acute or chronic stress

Alarm Stage

the immediate response to what the brain sees as a threat, the “fight or flight” response

Resistance Stage

adapting to the stress, body will keep on high alert for the stressor, a long period of time

Exhaustion stage

been at a stage of fight or flight for so long, body gets exhausted of always being alarmed, body systems start to fail

Tend+ Befriend

maintain support systems, rather than running from a situation going to a person for advice or tangible support, mostly female response to threat

Primary appraisals

testing if something is a stressor, deciding then if it’s a threat

Secondary appraisals

how someone will cope with a stressor

Anticipatory coping

mentally prepare for a stressor

Emotion- focused coping

regulating your emotional response to a stressor rather than changing or eliminating the external stressor itself

Problem focused coping

focus on problem and trying to change the situation by finding solutions

Positive reappraisal coping

looking for the good and positive in a situation

Downward comparison coping

looking at the people worse off to make yourself feel better

Creation of positive events coping

combatting bad events with good ones, making the most out of a situation

Buffering hypothesis

social support acts as a protective shield that reduces the harmful physical and psychological effects of high stress

Hardiness

people that are more resistance in stress, less affected by stress

Self affirmation theory

saying to yourself and reminding yourself who you are, psychically affirming yourself

Core values

help us determine our beliefs and values

Self determination theory

people are motivated to feel confident, we like to feel like we can handle things and feel good about ourselves