Neuro Sensory System

Reflected Light

Most light we see, light bounced off of something

Refracted light

When light passes through something

Perception of Color

Wavelength

Perception of Brightness

Number of photons

Pitch

Frequency of a sound

Loudness

Amplitude of a soundf

Cornea

Protective outer covering, refracts light

Pupil

hole in the center of iris, controls light entry

Lens

refracts light dynamically, changes to adjust focal distance

Accommodation

Lens changes to adjust focal distance

Retina

Neural tissue in the back of the eyeball, lots of layers of neurons

Transduction

Receptor cells transform physical energy in the world to neural energy, which our brain can understand

Optic nerve

How info goes to the brain

Optic disk

hole in retina where optic nerve leaves (blind spot)

Fovea

Point of central focus

What we can transduce

Only what can activate receptors

Respond

Means the stimulus interacts with the receptor causing changes in neural activity

Cochlea uses

Hair cells

Olfactory system uses

Neurons in olfactory epithelium

Cones

In fovea, good for detail in color, bad for low lighting

Rods

In peripheral retina, good for low light, bad for detail and color

Lamellae

disks in the outer segment of rods and cones that contain photopigments

Photopigments

metabotropic receptors for light

Opsin

makes photopigment most sensitive to certain wavelengths

Retinal

Activates G-protein

Movement of Fluid in Cochlea

Result of sound, physically activates/depolarizes hair cells

Result of touching the skin

Deforms the touch receptors, depolarizes them, and sends action potentials to the CNS

Salty or sour

Ion channels; sodium or hydrogen

Sweet or bitter

Metabotropic receptors; sucrose, quinine