exam 2

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to physical development in children from birth to early childhood, including sleep, sensory capabilities, and motor skills.

Neonates

Infants who are in the first four weeks of life, requiring significant sleep for growth.

REM Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage associated with dreaming, where the brain is active and engaging in neural excitation.

Non-REM Sleep

The deep sleep stages (2, 3, and 4) important for recovery and physical growth.

Transition Objects

Comfort items, such as blankets or stuffed animals, that provide stability for children away from caregivers.

Night Terrors

Episodes of intense fear during sleep occurring in deep sleep stages, not related to specific dreams.

Nightmares

Distressing dreams occurring during REM sleep that are often remembered and can involve anxiety.

Cognitive Awareness

The ability to understand and process sensory information; increases as children grow, affecting activities like sleep.

Gross Motor Skills

Large muscle movements, such as those used in locomotion, running, or climbing.

Fine Motor Skills

Small movements, especially in the hands and fingers, necessary for tasks like grabbing or manipulating objects.

Pincer Grasp

A developmental milestone where infants learn to grasp objects using the thumb and forefinger.

Locomotion

The ability to move or travel from one place to another, developing gradually from rolling to crawling and walking.

Convergence

The ability of the eyes to work together to focus on a single object, important for depth perception.

Visual Acuity

The clarity or sharpness of vision that improves as infants grow and develop their visual systems.

Egocentrism

A cognitive bias prevalent in young children where they view the world only from their own perspective.

Scribbling

The early stage of drawing development in young children characterized by random marks on a page.

Developmental Milestones

Key skills that children typically achieve by certain ages, indicating growth in various areas including physical and cognitive development.

Crying

A form of communication in infants, indicating needs or discomfort but not language per se.