home testing and monitoring devices

who oversees medical devices?

• FDA (food and drug administration)

T/F: Self screening = self diagnosis

• false

  • self screening does NOT equal self-diagnosis

what is sensitivity

• true positive or false negative

what is specificity

• true negative or false positive

what is an early and common symptom of colorectal cancer?

• rectal bleeding

who should be screened for colon cancer? (recommendations by USPSTF)

• adults 45-75 years who do NOT have signs/symptoms of CRC and who are at average risk for CRC

what type of test is recommended for annual general colorectal screening?

• fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs)

T/F: FOBT is recommended for those with average and increased risk for colon cancer

• FALSE

  • only for average risk

  • NOT for increased risk for colon cancer

which test is a colorimetric assay for hemoglobin (peroxidase action)

a) gFOBT

b) iFOBT

a) gFOBT

which test uses antibodies to detect human hemoglobin protein in stool

a) gFOBT

b) iFOBT

b) iFOBT

what color in gFOBT indicates a positive test?

• blue-green

gFOBt matrix blood refers to…

• upper GI tract

gFOBt surface blood refers to…

• lower GI tract

what can cause a false positive in FOBTs?

• other Gi conditions that can cause blood in stool (i.e. colitis, hemorrhoids, CD, etc)

• menstruation

what should be avoided 2-3 days before testing with FOBT because of false positive

• aspirin, NSAIDs, steroids

• red meat

• foods with high levels of peroxidase

how to use toilet test products like EZ-detect & early detect colorectal?

• one test pad to perform water quality check

• after BM, immediately place a pad in the toilet bowl (printed side up) u

• wait 2 minutes for color change

• repeat for the next 2 BMs

what can cause false negatives in FOBTs?

• vitamin C >250mg/day

how to use stool application products (second generation FIT)?

• after BM, retain a small amount of stool on toilet paper

• collect a small amount of stool onto grooves of buffer tube cap/wand

• return cap/wand to tube → shake tube for 3 seconds

• unscrew smaller clear cap at the top of tube

• apple 3 drops from tube to sample well

• read results after 5 minutes (do not read >10 minutes)

  • 2 lines = positive

T/F: if the first stool test is negative, the patient does not need to complete all three stool tests

• false

  • should complete all 3, even if negative

when should cholesterol be checked?

• at least once between 9-11

• at least once between 17-21

• check q4-6 years after

what are the 2 MOA for cholesterol tests?

• Light reflectance technology

• electrochemical biosensor technology

cholesterol test counseling

• good blood collection technique necessary

  • avoid excessive squeezing/milking

• avoid >500 mg of vitamin C for 48 hours (false negative)

• sit and relax 5 minutes before performing test

• apply enough blood to cover the testing area of a strip

cholesterol blood test procedure

• apply 1-2 drops → wait 3-4 minutes

• pull tab until arrow → wait 5 minutes

• purple indicator = OKAY → wait 10-12 minutes

• GREEN → read level in 30 minutes

based on cholesterol, when to see a healthcare provider for evaluation and further testing

• TC > 200 mg, HDL-C <40 mg/dL (men) or HDL-C <50 mg/dL (women), OR TG >150 mg/dL

what is the most common pathogen in UTI

• e choli

what is the gold standard for diagnosing a UTI

• urine cultures

  • home test do NOT replace gold standard

what are the 2 primary uses for UTI tests

• early detection

• confirmation that an infection has been cured by antibiotic therapy

UTI test MOA

• detect nitrate and leukocyte esterase (LE)

  • gram negative bacteria reduce nitrate → nitrite

  • LE = found when UTI present with gram (+) organisms

what type of UTI test is preferred?

• nitrite + LE or urinary protein test

  • increase sensitivity + specificity

what can cause false negative in UTI test

• strict vegetarian diet (insufficient urinary nitrites)

• tetracycline

• vitamin C (>250 mg within 24 hours)

what can cause false positives in UTI test

• dyes or medications (i.e. phenazopyridine)

• menses

how should UTI tests be used?

• test on 3 consecutive days

  • use first morning urine or urine held in bladder for at least 4 hours

  • wait no longer than 3 minutes to read

when to test for COVID-19?

• test at least 5 full days after an exposure to COVID-19

what are the different types of COVID-19 tests?

• serology test

• molecular or PCR test

• antigen test (most home tests)

who can self-collect for COVID-19 home tests vs needs adult assisstion

• self collection = 15+

• adult assist needed = 2-14 yo old

T/F: all self-testing kits require a nasal swab of one nostril

• false

  • BOTH NOSTRILS

should patients who tested negative but still have COVID-19 symptoms repeat testing?

• yes

  • repeat testing at least 48 hours after initial test

how should patients who tested negative and are asymptomatic, but are worried about COVID-19, repeat testing?

• repeat testing at least 48 hours after initial test

• wait another additional 48 hours → repeat test

• total of 3 tests

how long to wait for results for COVID-19 test

• 15 minutes

how long to wait for results for COVID-19/influenza test

• 30 minutes

what can cause a false positive for COVID-19 tests?

• not swabbing long/thoroughly enough

• not adding enough reagent drops

what is the preferred home/OTC test for HIV?

• Saliva: OraQuick

  • faster results

  • no fingerstick required

T/F: HIV may require 3 weeks to 6 months to develop sufficient antibodies for detection

• true

HIV saliva test counseling

• do not eat, drink, or use oral care products for 30 minutes before starting the test

• swipe each gum only once

• do NOT use if on immunosuppressant therapy

how to interpret saliva tests?

• ONE LINE = NEGATIVE

• 2 LINES = POSITIVE

T/F: Hep C tests can indicate whether the infection is acute, chronic, or resolved

• false

  • does NOT indicate

hepatitis C test MOA

• tests for presence of antibodies to hep C virus

hep C test and people on biotin supplements

• wait at least 72 hours after their last biotin dose before sample collection

  • can cause false negative

Hep C test CI

• immunosuppressant therapy

what is the Simple 2 test used for?

• detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea

  • results 2-5 days after sent to lab

how long may chlamydia and gonorrhea take for an infection to develop?

• may take up to 2 weeks

chlamydia and gonorrhea home test MOA

• use nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

how to read urine drug test results?

• POSITIVE = ABSENCE OF LINE NEXT TO DRUG NAME

urine vs hair drug screen detection length

• urine = use within 14 days

• hair = use within 90 days

T/F: drug test on urine samples report only a positive or negative outcome

• true