Disability Models, Policies, and Physical Activity Strategies

World Health Organization Guidelines for Children (5-17)

60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous; Muscle & bone strengthening at least 3 days/week.

World Health Organization Guidelines for Adults (18-64)

150-300 min (moderate) or 75-150 min (vigorous); Muscle strengthening at least 2 days/week.

Curvilinear Dose-Response Relationship

Health benefits increase rapidly at first but level off as activity increases. (NOT LINEAR)

Physical Activity Framework (Pettee Gabriel, 2012)

Physical activity is (1) Behavior → (2) Human Movement → (3) Physiological Attributes.

Domains of Physical Activity

Leisure-Time, Occupational, Domestic/Household, Transportation.

Sedentary Behavior

Any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure less than or equal to 1.5 METs while in a sitting or reclining position.

Physical Inactivity

Not achieving the recommended levels of PA per WHO.

Stationary Behavior

Any waking behavior with little or no movement, regardless of energy expenditure.

Standing

Upright posture supported by the feet.

Sedentary Pattern

The way sedentary time is accumulated throughout the day.

IPAQ

Questionnaire, cheap, large population, bias, (-) cognitive disability.

PASIPD

Questionnaire, recall, limited detail, (+) wheelchair activity.

ActiGraph

Motion tracker, physical movement, intensity, (-) no wheelchair.

activPal

Wearable + Questionnaire, daily activities, steps, 'posture'.

Commercial Trackers

Wearable, sensors, inaccurate, activities.

Biomedical Model of Disability

Disability is a problem within the individual that results from disease or injury.

Social Model of Disability

Disability is created by societal barriers, not simply by impairment.

Human Rights Model of Disability

Frames disability as a civil and human rights issue.

Limits Model (Embodiment)

Recognizes that both the body and environment matter.

Critical Disability Studies

Examine disability through social, cultural, and political lens.

ADA definition of disability

Physical or mental impairment substantially limiting major life activities.

Minnesota Olmstead Plan Purpose

Created in 2013 to ensure Minnesota residents with disabilities could live integrated lives in their communities.

Olmstead v. L.C. and E.W.

Push for community-based living for individuals deemed ready by mental health professionals.

Jensen Settlement Agreement

Closure of METO facility and replaced with community homes and community-based services.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning, limitations in adaptive behavior, and onset during developmental periods.

Developmental Disability (DD)

Includes conditions that begin during development, cause long-term physical and/or cognitive impairments.

Categorical vs. Functional Definitions

Categorical definitions classify disability based on specific diagnoses; Functional definitions classify based on limitations in functioning.

Down Syndrome

Genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21).

Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity

Physical/Social/Environmental barriers + Facilitators: Social support, inclusive programs, structured environments.

Leisure-Time Activities Strategies

Provide structure, visual demonstrations, and encourage socializing.

Transportation Activity Strategies

Improve accessible sidewalks and paths, safe environment, mobility training.

Occupational Activity Strategies

Adapted workplace & movement breaks.

Household Activity Strategies

Encourage participation in daily tasks and promote independence at home.