Middle School Science 5440

Which gas is primarily considered to be responsible for the greenhouse effect?

CO2

Finding that a solution conducts electricity shows that the solution...

contains ions

isotopes

variations of elements...same atomic number (same protons) but different masses; it has a different number of neutrons than its element

some substances have no noticeable odor because these substances...

have few molecules escaping into the air

acceleration

change in speed (if it is constant= steadily increases speed)

what is true for hurricanes but not for tornadoes

tornadoes do not form over warm oceans

What is the agent that most widely and most consistently is at work changing the appearance of Earth's surface?

water

what would be a clearly confirm that the materials/substances have biological origin?

presence of cells

what is directly involved with controlling levels of sugar in the blood?

insulin

short circuit battery

if the parallel circuit has one circuit with nothing in it

A paper appears blue in the sun. It is illuminated by a red light through a green paper. What color is the paper?

black

what quantity of oxygen contains nearly the same number of molecules as 36 grams of water?

64

Earth's seasons can be attributed to what in conjunction with the revolution of the sun?

the tilt of the axis and the rotation relative to the eliptic

Out of S,Al,Na, and Ba, which has the smallest atomic radius?

S

Which group has a backbone and a spinal chord?

chordates

which part of the sun is visible through an eclipse?

corona

during a lesson, teachers need to demonstrate to their students how to...

organize, understand, and remember

what compound is a possible carcinogen?

benzene

which biological discovery was made first?

Carl Linnaeus developed the system of nomenclature for living things

The formula for finding the density of an object

d=m/v

the amount of potential energy an object has depends on what?

mass, height above the ground, and gravitational attraction (not temperature)

The specific heat capacity of ice is half as much as of liquid water. What is the result of this?

it takes half of the energy to increase the temperature of 1 kg of ice by 1 degree c than a 1 kg sample of water

what happens to the temperature of a substance as it changes from liquid to solid?

its temperature remains the same due to latent heat of fusion

as the energy of a system changes, the thermal energy ____

must change or work must be done

heat transfer from warm to cold can happen ____

spontaneously

can heat transfer occur from cold to hot?

yes

What happens when two objects reach the same temperature?

energy is no longer available for work

the measure of energy within a system

heat

if the atom's outer shell is filled, what must be true?

it is a stable atom

which nuclear process features atomic nuclei splitting apart to form smaller nuclei

fission

what varies in isotopes?

neutrons

which part of the atoms most likely could be lost or gained during chemical reactions?

electrons

what do you need to stop an object from continuing motion?

force

energy is measured in

joules

if a fridge was open in a room, the temperature of the room would

increase

if you see an object that is green, the light you see is

reflected

what is a property of nonmetals

the react with metals

an element shares characteristics with elements...

above and below them (same group)

what is an example of chemical reaction

dissolving seltzer tablet in water, igniting ethanol so that it burns

heating liquid would most likely change its

density

what substance contains acetic acid

vinegar

not an example of membrane bound organelle

nucleoli

the component of blood essential for clotting is

platelets

phospholipids are not ____

polymers

all living things have

cells

which class of hormones are most likely to release after a serious injury

endorphins

in order to clone a gene, you need to know the

cDNA

inductive reasoning

involves using direct observations to make general conclusions

deductive reasoning

involves using general information to make a conclusion about something more specific

casual reasoning

attempts to explain the cause of a particular event or phenomenon

cDNA

complementary DNA, it is copied from mRNA and includes all of the DNA in a gene

profiling

involves measuring the activity of thousands of genes simutaneously

phenotypes

physical traits

acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that activates muscles and plays role in attention and sensory perception

oxytocin

crucial in female reproduction

luteinizing hormone

plays role in female ovulation and testosterone production

polymers

consist of repeating units that are joined together by convalent bonds

leukocytes

white blood cells, help defend against disease

erythrocytes

red blood cells, transport oxygen throughout body

homologous characteristics

inherited from a common ancestor even though they may serve various functions in different species

ancestral characteristics

unmodified characteristics found in common ancestors

detrimental characteristics

interfere with normal functioning or threaten an organisms' survival

analogous characterisitcs

are not evolutionary related but serve similar functions in different species

genetic drift

change in gene frequencies over time

sexual selection

organisms compete for chosen mates

punctuated equilibrium

evolution occurs quickly after long periods of little change

population

refers to a collection of a single species

community

more than one type of species present

photosynthesis, what kind of chemical reaction transforms co2 into carbs

reduction reaction

reduction, oxidation, chemiosmosis, and hydrolysis

reduction- turns co2 into sugar, oxi- water into o2, chem- ions across membranes, hyd- water is seperated

positive feedback

mechanisms that help increase changes in system

parasympathetic regulation

activities of nervous system, slowing of heart rate

negative feedback

keeps body's glucose and insulin levels stable

prokareyotes

thrive in environments where other living things could not survive, extrememophiles

commensalism

relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is not affected

mutualism

relationship in which both organisms benefit

ecosystem

an environment that includes both physical environment and the plants... organisms that reside in it, it is abiotic and biotic

biome

community of plants and animals, oceans and deserts and forest, organisms will be evolutionary related, they are interconnected, species depend on each other, species are interdependent

biosphere

all of the earth's ecosystems

carrying capacity

size of a population an environment can support indefinitely

metamorphic rock

formed with temperatures of 200 degrees, found within the earth

igneous rock

cooled solidified magma

tar

preserves teeth and bones of animals

caldera

formed when volcanic erupts and the emptied area collapses, the crater formation is the caldera, rocks move down

carbon cycle

movement of earth's carbon through organisms, oceans, and rocks/soil. animals breathe out respiration, carbon is in air, carbon from air dissolves into ocean water, may settle on ocean floor (sedimentation). when organisms die and decompose, the carbon returns to the soil

nitrogen fixing

refers to the conversion of nitrogen in the atmosphere to ammonia. organisms require this form of nitrogen to synthesize DNA and proteins, and only nitrogen-fixing bacteria are capable off carrying out this conversion

rifting

when plates seperate

relative humidity

measurement used to express the amount of water vapor in the air

gulf stream

ocean current that warms to climate of some countries

radiation

active emitting of energy from an object

thermoregulation

ability of an organism to control its body temperature

transduction

transfer of DNA among different bacteria by viruses

what percent of earth is covered by water

70%

fission or fusion on sun?

nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium, produces 85% of the energy, hydrogen is transformed into helium

lithium produces

helium only

helium forms ___ and ___

beryllium and a gamma ray

nucleation

occurs during the formation of crystal

hydorgenation

reaction that results when h2 is added to a solution

black hole

when a star begins to run out of fuel and it collapses on itself due to gravity

quasars

observed in the center of a galaxy and emit energy