UNIT TWO HISTORY JOE JAYNES

Benedict Arnold

American general who actually won the battle through bold and

unconventional tactics. Later “honored” with the Boot Memorial

Horatio Gates

Battle of Saratoga- American General: Received the official credit for the victory despite Arnold’s leadership.

John Burgoyne

British general who surrendered his army at Saratoga

SIGNIFICANCE OF SARATOGA

The victory stopped British plans to control the Hudson River and split the colonies in

two.

• France entered the war after Saratoga, bringing money, soldiers, and a navy to the

American cause. Also, the Spanish and the Dutch (Netherlands) entered on the side of

the Americans versus the British and the Hessians.

Benedict Arnold- aftermath & life

Conflict between Gates and Arnold led to Arnold’s bitterness and eventual betrayal of

the U.S.While recovering from his injuries, Arnold married Peggy Shippen, a Loyalist from

Philadelphia.

• Persuaded by his wife and tempted by money and rank, Arnold plotted to surrender West

Point and capture George Washington for the British.

• The plot was discovered, and Arnold fled to the British side, becoming America’s most

famous traitor

Upstate New York, along Hudson River- 1777

Battle of Saratoga

USA ALLY

Frace, Spain, Dutch (Netherlands)

BRITISH ALLY

Hessians

AFTER SARATOGA

England’s Southern Strategy (1778-1781)

Charles Cornwallis

British General Surrendered at Yorktown

Nathaniel Greene

American General: used guerrilla tactics/ hit and run warfare + strategic retreats LEGACY: best general after Washington.

Captain James Lindley

• Captain in Loyalist Unit

• Captured by patriots

• Hanged In Ninety-Six, NC- where he had been imprisoned.

• Body thrown in unmarked grave at prison cementary

• JOE JAYNES 8TH GREAT GRANDFATHER!!!

Peggy Shippen

Benedict Arnolds wife

• First love: JOHN ANDRE- (British intelligence)

Battle of Yorktown 1881

Cornwallis- trapped by Greene’s forces on land & French Navy at sea.

CORNWALLIS SURRENDERD

** minor skirmishes continued 18 months after the fact- then Britain began peace talks

Francis Marion

second in command: AMERICAN

AKA- SWAMP FOX.

Benjamin Martin

second in command:AMERICAN

AKA-The Ghost

Banastre Tarleton

Second in command: BRITISH

commanded the

Green Dragoons, the British terrorist troops.

North Fighting Strategy:

Traditional, European-style warfare—formal battles, rules of honor, no targeting

of officers. (Except for Arnold.)

South strategy:

Irregular, vicious, and personal warfare—farm burnings, civilian attacks, and

guerrilla tactics.

WASHINGTON contributions

1) He refused to become king.

2)He voluntarily left the presidency.

England sign treaty- not worried why?

AMERICA WILL FAIL:

1. Democracy – No form of government run by a weak committee-Continental Congress.

2. Debt – The war cost about $54 million.

AMERICA WONT FAIL WHY?

Solutions:

• The U.S. Constitution (1787) established a stronger government with executive,

legislative, and judicial branches.

• Financial stability came from Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan.

HAMILTON PHILOSOPHIES

1. Strong federal government.

2. Weak state governments.

3. Support for industry and technology.

4. Backed by rich businessmen.

5. Loose interpretation of the Constitution.

JEFFERSON PHILOSOPHIES

1. Weak federal government.

2. Strong state governments.

3. Support for agriculture and rural life.

4. Backed by farmers.

5. Strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Jefferson

• Democratic Republican

• Secretary of State in Washingtons Cabinet

• Support of France in war (they helped us)

• John Adams Vice president

• 3rd president of USA

JOHN ADAMS 1796-1800 4 issues

First Issue- First Election of 1796

• The first contested U.S. presidential election.

• John Adams: Federalist.

• Thomas Jefferson: Democratic-Republican.

• Adams won the presidency.

• Jefferson became vice president because the original Constitution awarded the vice presidency to the presidential runner-up.

Very good Issue- Avoided War with France

• even when it likely lost him the presidency/popularity among others.

Very bad issue- Allein and Sedition Acts of 1798

• made it Illegal to speak against the government.

Everlasting issue

• Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1801.

• Marshall served until 1835.

• Carried on Federalist ideas- even after the party died.

Hamilton believes that debt is-

“national blessing”

Jefferson views debt as-

“public debt as a public curse”

Hamiltons Financial plan-

Bonds-just pay interest on the debt. Let the

debt ride.

2. Assumption-federal government assumes state debts make feds more powerful than the states.

3. Whiskey Tax-federal government tax on farmers-Farmers

revolt-known as Whiskey Rebellion, and federal government puts down the revolt.

Hamilton’s economic plan leads to our first two political parties

Washington wanted him sent as the Ambassador of the Netherlands-

John Quincy Adams.

French Revolution-

Overthrew- Napoleon Bonaparte

Jefferson- support France (they helped us)

Hamilton- Support Britain (major trading partner)

WASHINGTON FOLLOWS ADAMS ADVICE: Neutrality

Election of 1800: Jeffersons election

Peaceful transfer of power proves US democracy works.

Leads to one of the losers of the election, Vice President Aaron Burr, shooting Hamilton.

Benedict Arnold

Horatio Gates

John Burgoyne

Peggy Shippen

John Andre

Arnolds Grave -story of him being shot and his boot being cut off for surgery

Nathaniel Greene

Charles Cornwallis

Benjamin Martin

Alexander Hamilton

Thomas Jefferson

Napoleon Bonaparte

ADAMS- peace field

library at Peacefield

John Marshall

Nabbie tombstone

death at 48- breast cancer

ROOTS- BELLE

Knute wife

Noah

ROOTS CHARCTER- enslaved man becomes important in Kizzys life

goal: learn how to read.

ROOTS- Kizzy

daughter of kunta and belle

Missy Anne

white girl grows alongside Kizzy