4th one

John Fiske

He argued that television is something that produces infinite possibilities for meaning, rather than simply delivering a single message

Thomas Schatz 

He claims that genres develop recognizable patterns that audiences learn to understand.

Adorno 

The main point is that mass media has become an industry that produces culture like a product.

Amateur:

Citizens with two-way, open-access radio airwaves that are minimally controlled; voluntary codes of behavior enforced by the community.

Corporate:

By 1916, David Sarnoff proposed “Radio Boxes”. He viewed it as a household appliance that could also bring profit. (Business opportunity).

Non-profit:

Non-commercial, public educational, experimental progressivism. 

• Mainly used by religious figures but also for educational purposes

Polysemy 

 TV text can produce multiple meanings.

Semiotic analysis

• Sign → something that communicates meaning

• Denotation → literal/basic meaning

• Connotation → associated/cultural meaning

• Referent → what the sign points to

Mise-en-scène  

Everything placed in front of the camera and how it's arranged, the meaning it’s meant to portray, etc.

Least Objectionable Programming 

Programming designed to appeal to the broadest possible audience / lowest common denominator.

Blue Book (1946) 

“Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees.”