NBE Sciences -General Restorative Treatments

Restoration options for sunken eyes

• inject tissue builder into the fatty tissue located beneath the eyeball in the eye socket. Move the needle down along the bone of the eye socket from the medial or lateral edge until it touches the bottom of the socket.

• inject mortuary putty behind the eyeball.

• place cotten either over the eyelid in place of an eye ca or between the eyball and the eye cap

Restoration options for discolored eyelids

• apply bleaching compress externally

• inject a bleaching agent hypodermically using the smallest size needle available

• attempt to cover the discoloration with opaque cosmetics

Restoration options for wrinkled eyelids

• Cover the entire eyelid with wax and reproduce any natural lines or wrinkles

• excise the part of the eyelid with wrinkles and then make a new eyelid out of wax

• massage the eyelid with massage cream and an electric spatula

Restoration options for protruding eyes caused by projection of the eyeball

• if the eye is swollen, expernal pressure can be applied using a finger or a cotton and water compress.

• if the swelling is caused by gas or fluid in the cranial cavity, a trocar can be inserted in one of the external nares of the nose. The trocar is then forced through the cribiform plate of the ethnoid bone, and the cavity is aspirated. After aspiration, cavity fluid can be injected, and then cotton saturated with sealer can be packed in the trocar opening and the superior area of the anterior mares. Mortuary putty can be sued in place of collon and sealer

• The eyball itself can be aspirated to remove fluid. The eyeball can then be filled to the size desired by using cotton or nortuary mastic. An eye cap would be used for form and to help keep the lids closed.

• most radical treatment-surgically remove the eyeball(s)

Restoration Options for Lacerated eyelids

-apply massage cream to the area around the eyelid and on the face in the path that any flluid leaking from the lacerated will take.

-after normal arterial injection, the lacerations would be dried and the edges glued closed. If necessary, a soft wax can be applied to cover the line of closure of the laceration.

Restoration Options for Desquamation (skin slip)

-re-embalm entire body using a stong arterial solution; otherwise:

• puncture any blisters that have developed

• remove loose skin

• a surface compress of cavity fluid can be applied during or after embalming. The pack should be covered with plastic to reduce fumes

• It may be necessary to hypodermically inject arterial fluid into the deeper area below the affected area.

• If the skin becomes dry and dark due to the surface embalming, wax may be applied, pores and lines reproduced, and cosmetics applied.

Pre-embalming treatments

-removing dirt, and external stains from the body

-setting facial features

-temporary suturing loose flaps of skin

-shaving

During embalming treatments

application of pressure to an area to prevent swelling

bleaching a discolored area (some embalmers prefer to bleach discolorations after embalming)

after embalming treatments

-excising tumors

-reducing swelling

-tissue building in sunken area

drying and suturing incisions

applying wax

applying cosmetics

hairtstyling

classification of cases requiring restorative art treatment

• injuries/trauma

• disease (cancer)

• postmortem tissue changes occuring

  • before embalming (i.e. decomposition, dehydration)

  • during embalming (i.e. swelling of a facial feature)

  • after embalming (i.e. tissue gas causing distention, decomposition)

Restorative treatment for abrasion

• Apply massage cream AROUND the affected area

• Remove scabs AFTER embalming

• dry using a cauterizing agent, then dried with cotton and sealed with a sealer

• wax or mastic can be applied, add pores, lines and wrinles should be reproduced, if necessary.

• because the abraded area usually will have become darkened, cosmetics will usually need to be applied over the wax.

abrasion

antemortem injury resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis

laceration

a would or irregular tear of the flesh

scab

a crust over a sore or would

massage cream

a soft, white, oily preparation resembling cream and used as a protective coating for external tissues.

sealer

a quick-drying liquid that leaves a hard, thin, transparent coat or layer through which moisture cannot pass.

incision sealing powder

a powder that is put in an incision just prior to suturing. When the powder comes in contact with moisture, it forms a soft, solid barrier against leakage.

basket weave suture

a network of stitches employed to cross the borders of a cavity or excision, used to anchor fillers and to sustain the tissues in their proper position

subcutaneous suture

a suture situated or occuring beneath the surface

mastic compond

putty-like substance

absorbent sealing adhesive that can be injected under the skin or applied to surface tissues to establish skin contour.

discoloration

any abnormal color in or on the body

stain

to discolor with foreign matter

bleaching

the act of lightening a discoloration

lividity (livor mortis)

post-mortem, intravascular red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood.

hypostasis

settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body

surface compress

an absorbent material (pack) saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue

phenol (carbolic acid)

antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach discolred tissue.

blanch

to whiten by removing color;

to make pale

discoloration

can be removed by embalming

stain

cannot be removed by embalming

way to determine if a discolored area is temporary or permanent

made prior to embalming, during embalming analysis, apply of digital pressure to the area.

If blanching (clearing) occurs, it is considered a discoloration.

options for treating a stain

bleaching

cover with cosmetics

bleach the stain and cover any remaining stain with cosmetics

Methods of bleaching a stain

surface compress

hypodermic injection

bleaching agents

cavity fluid

phenol and alcohol

preservative gel

special-bleaching fluid

effects of bleach

lightening of the stained area

lightening of non-stained tissue

possible dehydration

fixation of tissue

burn

to oxidize or be oxidized by fire or equivalent means;

the tissue reaction or injury resulting from application of heat, extreme cold, caustics, radiation, friction or electricity

first degree burn

skin is red, unbroken with no tissue destruction

treatment for first degree burn

• use stronger than normal arterial injection solution as a precaution against skin-slip

• apply massage cream during embalming

• cosmetic application after embalming

second degree burn

blisters of the skin or the complete absence of the epidermis

no charring or major destruction of tissues, but hair may be singed

treatment of second degree burns

• all blisters should be opened and loose skin removed BEFORE arterial injection

• surface embalming compress should be applied to these tissues during embalming because heat often coagulates the blood in surface tissues and and arterial fluid cannot reach these areas.

  • after the tissues are dried and painted with a sealer, cosmetics are applied

treatment of singed eyebrows

can be recolored with an eyebrow pencil

if hair has been completely destroyed, it may need to be replaced.

third degree burn

charring and destruction of the surface and deeper layers of tissues.

presents greatest level of difficulty in achieving preservation and in accomplishing presentable-looking remains.

Treatment of third degree burns

• charred tissue should be excised down to non-charred tissue, if possible.

• surface-embalming compress should be applied.

• after tissues have been dried, they should be covered with a sealer