BIOL 212 - Exam 1

Prone Position

Face down

Supine Position

Face up

Acromial

Highest point on shoulder

Antecubitus

Inner elbow

Auxillary

Armpit

Brachium

Upper arm (bicep area)

Buccal

Cheek

Cephalic

Head

Cervical

Front of neck

Cranium

Top of head

Crural

Shin

Digits/Phalanges

Fingers & Toes

Facial

Face

Femoral

Thigh

Gluteal

Buttocks

Hallux

Big Toe

Ingual

Groin

Lumbar

Lower back

Mental

Chin

Occular

Eyes

Oral

Mouth

Otic/Auris

Ear

Palmar

Palm

Plantar

Foot sole

Pollex

Thumb

Popiteus

Back of knee

Sural

Calf

Thoracic

Chest

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Patellar

Knee

Tarsal

Ankle

Calcaneal

Heel

Pedal

Foot

Coxal

Hip

Anterior (Ventral)

Towards the Back

Posterior (Dorsal)

Towards the front

Superior

Towards the head

Inferiror

Toawrds the feet

Medial

Towards the midline (medial plane)

Lateral

To the sides/father from the midline

Superficial

Towards the surface

Deep

Farther from the surface

Plantar

Sole of foot

Dorsal

Top of foot

Palmar

Palm of hand

Dorsal

Back of hand

Parietal

Lining anterior body cavities

Visceral

covering organs within anterior body cavities (membrane)

Proximal (only for appendages)

Towards point of orgin

Distal (only for appendages)

Farther from the point of origin

Sagital Plane

Vertical plane, Divides body into left and right

Midsagital

Vertically divides down the middle

Parasagital

Vertically divides to the sides of midline

Transverse

Horizontally divides body in half

Coronal

Divides body into anterior and posterior sections

Oblique

Diagonal/Divides body at an angle

Organs in Cranial cavity

Brain, Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland

Organs in Spinal Cavity

Spinal Cord

Which Cavities make up the Dorsal Cavity?

Cranial & Spinal Cavity

Which Cavities make up the Ventral Cavity?

Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Cavity

What cavities are in the Thoracic Cavity?

Pleural Cavity, Mediastinum (region) —> Pericardial Cavity inside

Pleural Cavity

Lungs

Pericardial Cavity

Heart

What cavities are in the Abdominopelvic Cavity?

Abdominal & Pelvic Cavities

Organs in Abdominal Cavity

• Stomach

• Spleen

• Gallbladder

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Kidneys

• Small & and Large Intestine (colon)

Organs in Pelvic Cavity

• urinary bladder

• internal reproductive organs

• rectum and lower large intestine

Serous Membrane

Continuous membrane sheet that:

• lines body cavities and organs

• secretes a small amount of serous fluid that acts to lubricate and protect the organs within the cavities

Parietal

Lines the walls (of body cavity)

Visceral

Lines organs

Body Cavity Names (for membrane naming)

Pleura —> Lung

Pericardial —> Heart

Peritoneum —> Abdomen

Levels of Organization (least complex —> most complex)

Chemical —> Cellular —> Tissue —> Organ —> System —> Organism

Integumentary System

• Epidermis (purple, 1st layer)

• Dermis (pink, 2nd layer)

• Hypodermis (muscles, 3rd layer)

What 2 parts make up the Skeletal System?

• Axial Skeleton

• Appendicular Column

What is in the Axial Skeleton?

• Skull

• Vertebral Column

• Thorax

Mandible

Jaw

Maxille

lateral to nose

Frontal

Forehead

Parietal

2 sides, top of head

Occipital

Back of head

Temporal

Temples

Cervical

Top of neck (7 vertebrae)

Thoracic

Chest area (12 Vertebrae)

Lumbar

Lower Back (5 vertebrae)

Sacral

Tailbone (5 fused vertebrae)

Coccygeal (cock-si-geal)

Tip of tailbone (4 fused vertebrae)

Sternum

Middle of ribs

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

12 pairs

What is in the Appendicular Skeleton?

• Pectoral Girdle

• Upper Limb (arms)

• Pelvic girdle

• Lower Limb

Pectoral Girdle is made up of what?

• Clavicle

• Scapula

Clavicle

Collarbone

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Pelvic Girdle consists of what?

• Coxal Bones

• Symphysis Pubis

Coxal Bones

Pelvic bones

Symphysis Pubis

Connects coxal bones (in the middle)

Circumduction

Distal end moves in a circle, proximal end stays stationary

Plantarflexion

bending ankle so that the toes and foot point downwards towards the sole

Dorsiflextion

bending the ankle to lift the toes/foot upward towards the shin

Eversion

duck feet