Cell Biology: Functions, Structures, and Processes Quizlet

What are two functions of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell; protects the cell

What substance strengthens the cell membrane?

Cholesterol

What makes ribosomes?

Nucleolus

What is the site of cellular energy?

Mitochondria

What manufactures protein?

Ribosome

What prepares protein for transfer out of the cell?

Golgi apparatus

What separates chromosomes during cell division?

Centrioles

What moves substances across the cell membrane?

Cilia

What causes cellular movement?

Flagellum

What digests substances within the cell?

Lysosomes

What is the action of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Transports materials throughout the cell

What is the cell's power plant?

Mitochondria

What does DNA make up?

Chromosomes

What are the four phases of cell division?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Where is RNA mostly found?

Cytoplasm

What is osmosis?

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

What is active transport?

Using energy to move material through the plasma membrane

What is the 3rd phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

What are centrioles?

Rod-shaped bodies near the cell nucleus

What do chromosomes contain?

Genes and hereditary information

What is cytoplasm?

Substance that fills the cell

What manufactures ATP?

Mitochondria

What is pinocytosis?

Ingestion of small particles/liquids by the plasma membrane

Are all cells identical in size?

False

What are the two important types of genetic material?

DNA and RNA

Are the spindle-shaped rods in the nucleus that carry genes called flagella?

False

Does diffusion move particles from lower to higher concentration?

False

What is the cytoplasm?

Thick jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the cell and holds all it’s internal parts

What is the cytoplasmic membrane?

Surrounds the cell

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Miniature circulatory system

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Carbohydrate-producing packing factory

What are two components of the plasma membrane?

Protein and lipids

What is the largest organelle?

Nucleus

What is usually attached to rough ER and produces proteins?

Ribosomes

What is the control center of the cell?

Nucleus

What organelles digest and destroy microbes?

Lysosomes

What rod-shaped structures play an important role during cell division?

Centrioles

What is the process of cell division called?

Mitosis

How does water diffuse through the cell membrane?

Osmosis

What is filtration?

Passage of solutions through a membrane as a result of mechanical force

What is a solution with the same concentration as fluids inside the cell?

Isotonic

What process uses energy to move substances across the membrane?

Active transport

A saline solution with a higher salt concentration than red blood cells is what type of solution?

Hypertonic

What are three examples of extracellular fluids?

Blood plasma, lymph, interstitial fluid

A red blood cell becomes engorged with water and lyses. The solution is what?

Hypotonic

What process helps glucose enter cells with insulin?

Facilitated diffusion

How many daughter cells are formed through mitosis?

Two

What are cells that mutate and spread out of control called?

Cancer cells

What is the sum total of chemical processes needed to sustain life?

Metabolism

What is the building-up phase of metabolism called?

Anabolism

What are rod-shaped structures that play an important role during cell division?

Centrioles

What is the smallest unit capable of life by itself?

Cell

What is the process where fairly large particles are engulfed and brought into the cell?

Phagocytosis

When is DNA replicated?

Interphase