mmsc chap 5 vocab pt 1

absorption

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

achalasia

failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

achlorhydria

absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice

amino acids

small building blocks of proteins; released from protein digestion

anal fistula

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

anastomosis

surgical procedure to create new opening between 2 tubular structures/organs

anorexia

lack of appetite

anus

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

aphthous stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sore

appendectomy

removal or excision of the appendix

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

appendix

small, slender sac near the beginning of the colon in the RLQ of the abdomen

bile

digestive juice made in liver but stored in gallbladder

billiary

pertaining to bile or bile ducts

bilirubin

orange-yellow pigment found in bile; released from hemoglobin during RBC breakdown

bowel

intestine

buccal mucosa

mucous membrane lining the cheek

cecal

pertaining to the cecum (colon)

cecum

first part of the large intestine (colon)

celiac

pertaining to the abdomen

cheliosis

abnormal condition of the lip

cholecystectomy

removal of the gallbladder

choledochojejunostomy

anastomosis between the common bile duct and jejunum

choledocholithiasis

abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct

choledochotomy

incision of the common bile duct

cholelitasis

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

cirrhosis

chronic, degenerative disease of the liver

colonic

pertaining to the colon

colonic polyps

benign growths protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon

colonoscopy

visual endoscopic examination of the colon

colorectal cancer

adenocarcinoma of the colon, rectum or both

colostomy

new opening of colon through the abdominal wall to outside the body

common bile duct

tube carrying bile from gallbladder and liver to small intestine

constipation

difficulty passing/eliminating feces

Crohn’s Disease

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

defecation

eliminating wastes and undigested food through anus

deglutition

swallowing

dental caries

tooth decay

dentibuccal

pertaining to teeth and cheek

dentin

primary material found in teeth; surrounding the pulp but covered by the enamel

diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

digestion

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

diverticula

small, pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of a tubular organ

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula; sx of abdominal pain and rectal bleeding

diverticulosis

abnormal outpouchings in the wall of colon

dysentery

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

emulsification

breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, digestible parts

enamel

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

endodontist

dentist specializing in the inner parts of the tooth

enterocolitis

inflammation of the small intestine and colon

enterocolostomy (anatomosis)

new surgical connection between parts of the small intestine and colon

enzyme

protein that speeds up rate of reactions

eructation

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

esophageal cancer

malignant tumor of the esophagus

esophageal varices

swollen, twisted veins at lower end of esophagus

fatty acids

substance produced when fats are digested

flatus

gas expelled through anus

gallbladder

small sac lying below the liver, to store bile

gastric cancer

malignant tumor of the stomach

GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease

solids and fluids return to mouth from the stomach

gastrointestinal tract

tubular system related to the stomach and intestines

gastrojejunostomy

new surgical connection between stomach and jejunum (anastomosis)

gastrostomy

new opening of stomach though abdominal wall

gingivitis

inflammation of gums

gluconeogenesis

process of producing new sugar from fats or proteins; in liver

glycogen

storage form of glucose

glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen to release sugar