Psych 1101 Ga tech exam 2

consciousness

awareness of internal and external stimuli, subjective experience of the world

circadian rhythm

biological rhythm that regulate bodily functions (ex: sleep-wake cycle and body temp cycle

suprachiasmatic nucleus

part of hypothalamus that serves as brain's internal clock, receives info from the retina about how much light is present

older age=less sleep

How does people aging affect the amount of sleep that they need

stage 0 sleep cycle

wakefulness: awake

sleep waves present: beta

stage 1 sleep cycle

wakefulness: drowsy/light sleep

sleep waves present: alpha

stage 2 sleep cycle

wakefulness: light sleep

sleep waves present: theta

stage 3/4 sleep cycle

wakefulness: deep sleep

sleep waves present: delta

stage 5 sleep cycle

wakefulness: dreaming

sleep waves present: similar to beta

rapid eye movement

what does rem stand for

insomnia

difficulty falling/staying asleep

sleep apnea

difficulty breathing during sleep

sleepwalking

getting out of bed and wandering during sleep

stage 3/4 sleep

sleep paralysis

being aware of surroundings but unable to move

usually accompanied by scary hallucinations

Freud's theory of dreams

dreams are unconscious wish fulfillment

manifest content

what you experience in a dream

latent content

what the dream represents

dream activation synthesis theory

dreams are your brain trying to make sense of electrical signals

drugs activate the human's "reward" pathway (dopamine receptors)

Why do people do drugs

physical dependence

changes in the body over time require people to need a drug

tolerance

requiring more of a drug to produce the same pleasurable effect

psychological dependence

emotional need for drug to reduce psychological stress

withdrawal

negative symptoms when someone stops taking a drug

stimulants

drugs that increase brain activity

stimulant effects

hyperactivity, feeling of euphoria, increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia

depressants

drugs that decrease brain activity

effects of depressants

-euphoria

-sedation

-pain dulled/killed

-loss of concsiousness

illicit depressants

opium and heroin

hallucinogens

drugs that profoundly alter sensation and perception

effects of hallucinogens

hallucinations

skewed perception of time

persistent psychosis (rare)

flashbacks (rare)

illicit hallucinogens

LSD, Psilocybin ("Magic Mushrooms"), Mescaline, DMT

marijuana

exhibits characteristics of all three types of drugs

abnormality

deviance, dysfunction, distress

deviance

behavior is not socially expected or accepted

dysfunction

behavior interferes with the ability to perform day to day tasks

distress

behavior causes significant personal suffering

biopsychosocial model

perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and sociological factors interact to determine an individual's health

diathesis

inherited predisposition to develop the disorder

diathesis-stress model

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

DSM-5

system to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior (meets 5 of the criteria)

Anxiety vs anxiety disorder

uncontrollable, disproportionate to actual danger, disruptive to everyday life

Generalized anxiety disorder

excessive anxiety and worry occurring for at least six months about multiple things

Generalized Anxiety disorder symptoms

restlessness

being easily fatigued

difficult concentrating

irritability

muscle tension

sleep disturbance

Panic Disorder

repeated, unexpected panic attacks (abrupt surge of fear/discomfort)

panic disorder symptoms

pounding heart

sweating

trembling/shaking

shortness of breath

chest pain

fear of dying

phobia

intense, irrational fear disproportionate with actual danger

associated with a specific stimulus or trigger

Obsessions

thoughts or urges that are unwanted and intrusive, causes distress

compulsions

need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

behaviors are sometimes "ritualistic"

minimize stress by obsessions

body dysmorphic disorder

preoccupation with a perceived flaw in physical appearance (related to OCD)

hoarding disorder

compulsively collecting items and refusing to part with personal possessions

major depressive disorder

severe depression lasting more than two weeks (usually 6-9 months)

depression symptoms

sad, empty hopeless

diminished pleasure in all or almost all activities

significant weight loss/gain

insomnia

fatigue/loss of energy

feelings of worthlessness

recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

Grief vs depression

major negative events cannot be a cause of depression

bipolar disorder

extreme mood swings between depressive and manic episodes

manic episode

period of increased energy and hyperactivity

posttraumatic stress disorder

intrusive and distressing memories as a result of a traumatic event

trauma

exposure to death, serious injury or sexual violence

PTSD symptoms

state in which a person relives an event as if it were currently happening

Schizophrenia

disturbance of thought and language; inability to distinguish what is real and what is not

Schizophrenia symptoms

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, abnormal movements, negative symptoms

delusions

fixed false beliefs that do not change in the face of conflicting evidence

hallucinations

perceptions that occur without an external stimulus

vivid, clear, and involuntary

disorganized thinking/speech

jumping from topics randomly, answering questions with non-sequiturs, word salad

abnormal movements

agitation, twitching, catatonia

negative symptoms

lack of normal functioning

Dissociation

disconnection between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity

dissociative amnesia

inability to remember important memories, usually following traumatic experience

dissociative fugue

wandering away from home/showing confusion about identity

dissociative identity disorder

two or more distinct personalities within the same person

Cluster A

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster B disorders

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Cluster C disorders

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

paranoid

distrusting and suspicious of others, sensitivity to rejection, high monitoring for insult or trust breaking

schizoid

lack of interest in relationships with others, limited interests, emotional coldness

schizotypal

odd/eccentric behavior, confused/unrealistic goals, difficulty developing close relationships

antisocial personality disorder

disregard for violation of rights of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, aggressiveness, disregard for safety of self and others, lack of remorse

borderline personality disorder

pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect

shows impulsivity, fear of abandonment, intense/unstable relationships, mood swings, difficulty controlling anger

Histrionic Personality Disorder

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

narcissistic personality disorder

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

avoidant personality disorder

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

dependent personality disorder

need to be taken care of leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control

combination of nature and nurture (genetics and environment)

how do personality disorders develop

ADHD

marked by inattention and/or hyperactivity

innatention

failing to pay attention to details

cannot sustain attention in tasks

not listening when spoken to directly

difficulty organizing tasks and activities

loses things necessary for tasks/activities

easily distracted by extraneous stimuli/unrelated thoughts

forgetful in daily activities

hyperactivity

fidgets/squirms in seat

leaves seat often

runs around/climbs

unable to be quiet

uncomfortable sitting still

talks excessively

talks over others

can't wait their turn

interrupts others

boys

Who is 5x more likely to have asd

autism spectrum disorder

deficits in social activity and restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities

deficits in social interaction (ASD)

little emotion shown in conversation, bad non-verbal communication, difficulty making friends

restrictive/repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities

repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech

insistence on sameness, ritualized patterns

abnormal focus

very reactive to sensory stimuli

psychoanalytic therapy

based on freud's ideas, relieve repressed childhood trauma

psychoanalytic techniques

free association and dream analysis

free association

person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

dream analysis

therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams.

behavior therapy

change undesirable behaviors

aversive conditioning

conditions patient to associate bad behavior with unpleasant stimulus

exposure therapy

therapy that confronts clients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear

flooding

a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless

systematic desensitization

exposing patient to fear over time more progressively

cognitive behavioral therapy

change distorted thinking and stopping bad behaviors