Anatomy Day 2 Summer Anatomical planes, laterality, movement

axial plane, transverse, transaxial plane

horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body

sagittal plane

vertical plane parallel to the median plane(or midsagittal plane which divides the body into two halves)

coronal, frontal plane

vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane

midsagittal/median plane

divides the body right down the midline into equal left and right halves down

anatomical planes

expressed in relation to the anatomical position when standing. The 3 standard(orthogonal) planes are perpendicular to each other.

unilateral

one side of the body (EX: one right leg)

bilateral

both sides of the body (EX: right leg & left leg)

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body (EX: right arm & right leg)

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body (EX: left arm & right leg)

model perspective

Left and right are always determined from the perspective of the

flexion

decrease the angle of the joint

extension

increase the angle of the joint

abduction

movement (of limb away) from the midline

adduction

movement (of limb) toward the midline

pronation

rotation of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing posterior

supination

rotation of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing anterior

circumduction

circular movement of a joint using a combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction such that the distal limb decsribes a circle. cone-shaped movement of a limb

medial/internal rotation

rotation toward the midline

lateral/external rotation

rotation away from the midline

inversion

sole of foot turns inward or towards the median plane(not flexion)

eversion

sole of foot turns outward or away from the median plane(not flexion)

protrusion

movement of the mandible, lips or tongue anteriorly

retrusion

movement of the mandible, lips or tongue posteriorly

elevation

movement of the scapula or mandible superiorly

depression

movement of the scapula or mandible inferiorly

ulnar deviation

medial movement of the wrist towards the midline, fingers bend and drift toward the pinky finger or ulna bone

radial deviation

lateral movement of the wrist away from the midline, bends the hand toward the thumb side of the forearm or raidus bone

dorsiflexion

toes/foot move up toward your shin(flexion)

plantarflexion

toes/foot point down away from your shin(flexion)