Public Health and Disability

CEA Winslow's Definition of Public Health

"The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities, and individuals"

Medical Model of Disability vs. Social Model of Disability

Medical Model - views disability through health-related states, outcomes, determinants, and changes in health status and functioning.

Social Model - views disability as the result from one's environmental, physical, and social barriers created by society.

What does centering equity in public health mean?

Everyone should have a fair and just opportunity to achieve optimal health and well-being.

What is the first essential public health service?

Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets.

What is the second essential public health service?

Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population.

What is the third essential public health service?

Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it.

What is the fourth essential public health service?

Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health.

What is the fifth essential public health service?

Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health.

What is the sixth essential public health service?

Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public's health.

What is the seventh essential public health service?

Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy.

What is the eighth essential public health service?

Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce.

What is the ninth essential public health service?

Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement.

What is the tenth essential public health service?

Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health.

ICF Conceptualization of Disability

1. "Provide a scientific basis for understanding and studying health and health-related states, outcomes, determinants, and changes in health status and functioning."

2. "Establish a common langauge for describing health and health-related states in order to improve communication between different users, such as health care workers, researchers, policy-makers, and the public, including people with disabilities."

3. "Permit comparison of data across countries, health care disciplines, services, and time."

4. "Provide a systematic coding scheme for health information systems."

Buck v. Bell Decision (1927)

It was a case that upheld the constitutionality of support for eugenic policies, in which resulted in the forced sterilization and harm of many individuals.

What was the original name of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act in 1963?

Community Mental Health Act of 1963

What was the focus of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act in 1963?

Expanding community-based services for individuals with developmental disabilities through federal funding for research, training, and programs.

What does the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 ensure for people with developmental disabilities?

It ensures that people with DD and their families participate in the design of and access to community supports, person-centered supports, and other plans that promote self-determination, independence, productivity, and integration and inclusion.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Key Outcomes and Protections

1. Prohibited disability Discrimination - within programs, activities, and buildings (hospitals, clinics) receiving federal financial assistance (especially under Section 504)

2. Established Section 504 - a landmark civil-rights protection for people with disabilities: equal access to education, employment, healthcare, and public services.

- required accessibility and equal opportunity

3. Laid the groundwork for the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, influencing later, broader disability-rights protections

The "504 Sit-in of 1977"

It was a crucial reinforcement of Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, which prohibits discrimination against those with disabilities by orgs./programs receiving federal funding.

- It was done through a series of protests

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990

Federal law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities and requires equal access to employment, public services, transportation, and public accommodations

Olmstead v. L.C. Decision (1999)

Supreme Court case ruling that people with disabilities have the right to live in community settings rather than being unnecessarily institutionalized

Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) (1975 1990)

Federal law ensuring children with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) and special education services based on their individual needs

Darby v. Childvine Decision (2020)

Court decision involving disability discrimination and the rights of children with disabilities to receive appropriate care and services without discrimination

Nothing About Us Without Us

Principle that people with disabilities should be included in decisions, policies, and research that affect their lives

Social Ecological Model

Framework showing that health is influenced by multiple levels: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy

Lifecourse Model

Approach that examines how experiences and exposures throughout a person's life influence health and development over time

Special Health needs in Children

Health needs requiring additional services, treatment, or support because of a physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition

Public health functions in early childhood

Efforts that promote healthy development through

-prevention

- screening

- education

- early intervention

- connection with family