anemia and clotting

condition of decreased oxygen carrying capacity

anemia

what 3 things decreased on a CBC define anemia

hemoglobin, rbc, pvc/hematocrit

clinical signs of anemia

weakness, tachypnea, pale MM

what may the classification schemes for anemia be based on

bone marrow response, morphology of RBC, etiology

erythrocyte indices

mchc, mch, mcv

talks about RBC size ( microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic)

mcv

if were anemic what should our bone marrow due

trigger more RBC production

what is peak production of immature RBC released in blood

7-10 days

if our bone marrow does not seem to be trying to produce RBC what classification of anemia is that

nonregenerative anemia

what are some tells for regenerative anemia

reticylocytosis, macrocytosis, basophilic stippling

what species have a greater ability to produce reticulocytes

dogs

what species rarely release reticylocytes

horses

anemia associated with acute or chronic blood loss

hemorrhagic anemia

anemia associated with IMHA, parasites, acetaminphen toxicity. Typically regenerative

hemolytic anemia

anemia associated with CKD, hypothyrodisim, addisions, parvo, lead toxicity, copper defiiency. Normocytic

decreased erythrocyte production

anemia associated with microcytic/hypochromic

iron deficiency

what is the most common form of anemia seen in animals; mediated by cytokines

anemia of chronic/inflammatory disease

when the von willebrand factor captures platelets during endothelial injury to form platelet plug

phase 1: primary hemostasis

extrinsic/intrinsic coagulation cascade form cross-linked fibrin during endothelial injury, stabilizing the platelet plug to stop hemolysis

phase 2: coagulation

plasmin degrades cross-link fibrin, initiated in endothelial injury; inhibited by thrombin on the surface of cells and the fibrin clot to dissolve the fibrin clot.

phase 3: fibrinolysis

normal platelet count in dogs/cats

>200,000/uL

normal platelet count in horses

>100,000/uL

normal platelet count in cattle

400,000/uL

mean platelet survival rate

5-7 days

what are the functions of platelets

hemostasis, release inflammatory mediators, phagocytsis

platelets work with what factor of the body

von willebrand factor

weak platelets, inability to bind fibrogen

thrombasthenia

abnormal platelet function

thrombopathia

bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation

von willebrand disease

abnormally high platelet count; can be caused by corticosteroids, inflammatory disese, neoplasia

thrombocytosis

low platelet count; can be caused by viral infection, increased use in DIC, immune-mediated disease, and splenomegaly

thrombocytpenia

what bread normally have low platelet counts

greyhound, shiba

clinical signs of thrombocytopenia

petechia, mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding after injury

can be common in king charles cavalier; have normal platelet function but they are less in number

inherited macrothrombocytopenia

when doing a manual platelet count, what is the number you multiply by

15,000