Midterm Questions & Answers Review

Which one of our Critical Equations is/are reversible? 

Only 1 and 3 

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian's cat's vitals included at 101F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that 

His cat is utilizing our Critical Equation #1 in the forward direction to have these vitals 

Utilizing our Critical Equation ____, we correctly know that an increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in a ____ pH 

3 – decreasing 

While working in the Party Room, you were asked to compare and contrast our Critical Equations. In accomplishing this task, you correctly realized that you were doing which level of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy? 

Analyzing 

Dr. Gray went for a dog walk at 2000 the last two nights. Each night the dog got frightened by the crowd of people near a local business. Tonight, Dr. G is planning on dog walking at 1800 to be ahead of the crowd. This action is an example of  

Actually, none of these are correct 

A metal mold was used to create delicious buckeyes (chocolate-coated peanut butter candies). Attempting to improve the results, the chocolatier increased the volume of peanut butter used in the mold. Consequently, you correctly realize this change caused the pressure in the molds to ___ and the volume (V) in our Critical Equation to _____. 

Increase – be unchanged 

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

They most typically return their parameter to set point   

On a recent frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in ___ is an example of ____. 

Steady state – mechanism 

UTGA Allison recently took a night-shift job. Consequently, she correctly knows that she will need to ____ to this change by shifting her circadian _____. 

Acclimate – period 

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh's hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that 

Wearing insulated gloves this morning was a feedforward process 

Dr. Scarlet has required Patient X to complete a "stress test" which involves running on a treamill and at increasingly difficult levels. At the end of the test, Patient X's body temperature is elevated at 101.3F. Dr. S correctly realizes that Patient X will utilize ____ pathway(s) to regain typical body temperature. 

Both their afferent and efferent  

Based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to _____ the material by doing actions such as _____. 

Understand – paraphrase technical definitions 

Which is a correct statement about human physiology? 

The physiology of humans is often not identical to the physiology of other organisms 

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that  

Neither statement is correct 

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms? 

Neither statement is correct 

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian's cat's vitals included at 101F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that 

His cat is in steady state 

While working in the Party Room, you were asked to compare and contrast our Critical Equations. In accomplishing this task, you correctly realized that you were doing which level of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy? 

Analyzing 

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems? 

They require trade-offs across different systems 

On a recent frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in ___ is an example of ____. 

Steady-state – mechanism 

UTGA Allison recently took a night-shift job. Consequently, she correctly knows that she will need to ____ to this change by shifting her circadian _____. 

Acclimate – period 

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh's hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that 

The warm water was a part of a negative feedback process 

Based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to _____ the material by doing actions such as _____. 

Analyze – differentiate items in a set 

Which is a correct statement about human physiology? 

The physiology of humans is often not identical to the physiology of other organisms 

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that  

Neither statement is correct  

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms? 

Neither statement is correct  

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian's cat's vitals included at 101F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that 

His cat's body temperature is maintained by a homeostatic control system

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems? 

They most typically return their parameter to setpoint  

On a recent frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in ___ is an example of ____. 

Steady state – mechanism 

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh's hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that 

Wearing insulated gloves this morning was a feedforward process 

Which is a correct statement about human physiology? 

It is a combination of four other prominent sciences 

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that  

The volume of the balls was not being changed 

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms? 

They are always a feedforward process 

Gap junctions are formed by ___ and allow the flow of the ___ fluid compartment between the two cells.

Connexins – largest 

While your Phys Phriend group was discussing bonds in physiology, you heard on correctly state that  

Hydrophobic bonding is not a type of covalent bonding 

 

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh correctly told you that 

Each organ is exclusive from other organs 

Based on numbers of each found within a typical plasma membrane, which is a correct pairing that has the less abundant one then the more abundant one? 

Proteins – cholesterol 

Water striders (a type of insect) can "walk" along the top of Mirror Lake directly because of _____ allowing water to support their weight 

Partial charge attractions 

Dr. Scarlet sends samples of hepatocytes (liver cells) and beta cells (pancreatic cells) from Patient X to the lab for analysis but forgets to label them with the cell type, just patient name. The analysis from the lab allows Dr. S to still know which sample was from which source because, while their ____ were identical, their ____ were distinctly different 

Genomes – lipidomes  

During last Thursday's lecture, a student took GTA Sidney's pencil to take their own notes. Sidney correctly realized that this student was acting like a ____ with her being a _____ 

Oxidant – healthy cell 

Which is a correct statement about junctions? 

The mid-sized fluid compartment can move around gap junctions 

Growth hormone is realeased by the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) and causes changes in the lver and skeletal muscles. Consequently, you can correctly state that growth hormone  

Is not autocrine 

Brutus Buckeye is feeling ill. To hopefully get better rest to recover sooner, he takes melatonin to help him sleep. Hearing afterwards about this action, you correctly tell Brutus that he 

Took an antioxidant 

For the communciation methods, ____ can correctly be combined because they are the only two that ____ 

Neither statement is correct

Which is a correct statement about junctions? 

Both statements are correct

Fascia is the term for the layer of connective tissue that is fibrous and commonly found around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Fascia would be best described as 

A tissue 

Which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx? 

It is unique for most individuals 

Dr. Gray notices that an image today of cells in Patient Y's thymus gland are further away from each other than an image of those same cells taken last year. Dr. G correctly expects that Patient Y's 

Neither statements are correct  

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Mechanically-gated channels are opened when the plasma membrane is stretched. 

Hot chocolate is essentially hot water with various compounds added to it. During this cold stretch, GTA Kristian developed his own, special salty-n-sweet hot chocolate. To 0.5 L of hot water, you add 40 mol cocoa, 10 mol glucose, and 5 mol salt. What is the osmolarity? 

120 osm

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ____ will appear ____ than RBC ____. 

1 – spikier – 2 

Secondary active transporters directly rely on _____ created by ____

Concentration gradients – transporters 

During a single cycle of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, _____ ATP(s) is/are used and ____ ion(s) is/are moved against a gradient 

One – both 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein 

Is creating gradients for both of the compounds  

Road salt greatly increases the osmolarity of the nearby soil. Brutus Buckeye (offspring of a plant) correctly realizes that plants in this altered soil will ___ water ____ the soils which will result in those plants ____. 

Lose – to – dehydrating 

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle make ATP via ____ method(s) and do so in ____ locations within the cell. 

The same – different 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

Its diffusion will be from its area of higher concentration to lower concentration 

Which is a correct statement about how an ion might move into a cell? 

It moved with a second compound so might have used a secondary active transporter 

Which is a correct statement about movement across a plasma membrane? 

Transporters are never open to both sides 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Its rate will increase if the surface area between the two areas increases 

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises 

Neither statement is correct 

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occurring. 

Only via glycolysis

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump? 

It causes sodium to move against its gradient and out of the cell 

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Never recquire energy from our Critical Equation #1 to power the movement through them 

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ___ will appear ___ than RBC ___ 

2 – smoother – 1 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utizilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein  

Cannot be the sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

Its diffusion will be from its area of higher concentration to lower concentration  

Which is a correct statement about how an ion might move into a cell? 

It moved with a second compound so might have used a secondary active transporter 

Which is a correct statement about movements across a plasma membrane? 

It sometimes occurs via integral proteins 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Its rate will increase if the surface area between the two areas increases

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises 

He was directly powering the exercise by running our Critical Equation #1 in the forward direction 

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen OH had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occuring 

Only via substrate phosphorylation 

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump? 

All three statements are correct 

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Calcium channels only allow calcium to move through them 

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ____ will appear ____ than RBC ____. 

2 – bigger – 1 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein 

Is creating gradients for both the compounds 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

If it was the only solute present, the cell's osmolarity is lower than the interstitial fluid 

 Which is a correct statement about movement across a plasma membrane? 

Both statements are correct 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Neither statement is correct  

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises 

He was directly powering the exercise by running our critical equation #1 in the forward direction 

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occurring. 

Only in their cytosols 

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump? 

It causes sodium to move against its gradient and out of the cell 

A ligand that is ____ can find its receptor in the ____ and usually requires the use of _____. 

Hydrophilic – plasma membrane – second messengers 

Dr. Scarlet was given a sample from non-human heaert. In comparison to a human heart, the sample has more electrical synapses. Consequently Dr. S correctly states that the sample ____ than a human heart.  

Will be utilizing fewer neurotransmitters  

For a typical neuron, its ____ sends information and its ____ receives information  

Axon – dendrites 

In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by ___ and cover ___ axon  

Schwann cells – only one 

Which is a correct statement about an afferent neuron? 

It receives information from other cells via its axon terminal 

The movement of ____ ligands is ____ in the plasma and ____ across a plasma membrane without proteins 

Hydrophilic – unhindered – hindered 

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh and sibling, Canvas, were debating physiology. Carmen stated that all membrane-bound receptors must be transmembrane. Canvas stated that all integral proteins are membrane bound receptors. When asked to verify these statements, you correctly determine that 

Only Carmen was correct 

To release lipophobic paracrines, a cell will utilize ____ and its size will _____ 

Exocytosis – increase 

Which is a correct statement about the nervous system? 

A neuron's dendrites never release neurotransmitters 

Dr. Gray's patient X has ingested a toxin that prevents differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Consequently, Dr. G correctly expects that Patient X should have 

Myelin missing in their brain 

Which of the following might be the response when a ligand binds to a receptor? 

All three responses might occur 

Activation of opioid receptors by natural opiates inhibit the brain's ability to receive pain messages. The drug morphine binds to the opioid receptors and acts as a pain killer. Which is a correct statement about morphine? 

Both statements are correct 

Brutus Buckeye is investigating two cells (A and B). When he introduces a paracrine to both, Cell A shows a significantly larger response than Cell B. Brutus correctly states that this difference might be due to  

Cell A's receptors having a higher affinity 

Which is a correct statement about protein receptors? 

Both statements are correct 

A ligand that is ____ can find its receptor in the ____ and usually requires the use of 

Hydrophobic – nucleus – plasma binding protein 

Dr. Scarlet was given a sample from non-human heaert. In comparison to a human heart, the sample has more electrical synapses. Consequently Dr. S correctly states that the sample ____ than a human heart.  

Will be utilizing fewer neurotransmitters 

Which is a correct statement about an afferent neuron? 

It will be assisted by Schwann cells 

The movement of ____ ligands is ____ in the plasma and ____ across a plasma membrane without proteins 

Lipophilic – hindered – unhindered 

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh and sibling, Canvas, were debating physiology. Carmen stated that all membrane-bound receptors must be transmembrane. Canvas stated that all integral proteins are membrane bound receptors. When asked to verify these statements, you correctly determine that 

Only Carmen was correct