Language Science Quiz 2

Derivation

Process of creating new words out of other words resulting in different meaning (cat → catty)

Inflection

Creating of different grammatical forms of the same words (cat -→ cats)

Homophonous

Affixes that sound alike but have different meanings or functions

Bound roots

Although they seem to have some basic meaning, they are unable to stand alone (-fer, -sist)

Allomorphs

variant form of a morpheme that changes pronunciation or spelling without altering the underlying meaning (lights → /laɪts/, hands → /hændz/)

Weak Suppletion

similar forms, but no pattern regular enough to be captured by a phonological rule (bring → /bɹɪŋ/ vs brought → /bɹɔt/)

Strong Suppletion

different forms, but treated as part of the same lexeme (term) resulting from inflection (go and went)

Compounding

New words formed not by affixes, but by combining 2 or more independent words (air-conditioner)

Reduplication

New words formed by doubling either an entire free morpheme or part of it

Alternation

Modifications to the internal structure of a morpheme (man /mæn/ vs men /mɛn/

Suprasegmental Morphology

Use of suprasegmental features in word formation (PROduce vs proDUCE)

What is the first fact in regards to hierchical structure of derived words?

A certain affix will only attach to a certain lexical category (-able only attaches to verbs)

What is the second fact in regards to hierarchal structure of derived words?

New words formed when a certain affix attaches also belongs to the same lexical category (-able only produces adjectives)

True or False: There is a certain way to attach multiple affixes to a word.

True, re- only attaches to verbs THEN add -able to reuse because -able only produces adjectives

Syntax

Component of grammar that deals with how words and phrases are combined into larger phrases and sentences.

Clause

Includes a subject and predicate, can be independent or dependent.

Predicate

To refer to a verb or adjective

Arguments

People or objects involved in a sentence (nouns)

Intransitive

one argument, no object (Sam reads.)

Transitive

two arguments; one object (Sam reads a book)

Ditranstive

three arguments; two objects (Sam gave me a book.)

Object

Object that is related to action or come after the verb.

Declarative sentences

statements

Interrogative sentences

questions

Imperative sentences

Request or command

Simple sentence

only 1 clause

Compound sentence

At least 2 clauses linked by a conjunction

Complex sentence

Dependent clause imbedded into a independent clause

What is SVO?

Subject-Verb-Object word order