Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

Vocabulary flashcards covering core genetic terms, patterns of inheritance, and crosses based on lecture notes.

Allele

Alternative or different forms of the same gene.

Dominant Allele

An allele whose effect masks that of a recessive allele paired with it.

Recessive Allele

An allele whose effect is masked when paired with a dominant allele.

Monohybrid

Pertaining to a genetic cross or pattern involving one trait.

Incomplete Dominance

A pattern of inheritance in which the offspring exhibits an intermediate phenotype.

Codominance

A pattern of inheritance in which both traits are present.

X-linked Recessive Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance in which the gene is located on the X chromosome; males inherit their X chromosome only from their mother, while females have two X chromosomes and thus have a better chance to mask the effect of an abnormal gene.

Color Blindness

An X-linked recessive disorder caused by a recessive gene located on the X chromosome.

Test Cross

A cross used to determine whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous (yielding $100\%$ dominant phenotype offspring) or heterozygous (yielding dominant and recessive offspring at $50\%$ each).

Dihybrid

Pertaining to a genetic cross or analysis involving two traits.