Mader Biology 14th Edition — Chapter 6 — Multiple Choice and True/False Review

Chapter 6, original question 1. FRONT: In order to roll a rock down a hillside, you must first push it up the hill. Pushing the rock is analogous to the energy of activation of a chemical reaction. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 6, original question 4. FRONT: ATP is considered a high-energy compound because under cellular conditions, 7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between A) the adenosine and the phosphate groups. B) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate. C) the base adenine and the sugar ribose. D) All of the bonds release energy as ATP is completely broken down. E) the base adenine and the phosphate groups.

B) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate..

Chapter 6, original question 6. FRONT: Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme? A) Above a certain range of temperatures, the protein of an enzyme is denatured. B) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. C) A change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. D) When sufficient substrate is available, the active site will nearly always be occupied. E) Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point.

B) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration..

Chapter 6, original question 8. FRONT: An enzyme is a protein that causes the rate of the reaction to slow down. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 6, original question 9. FRONT: Endergonic reactions A) have a negative ΔG and occur spontaneously. B) release energy. C) have products with less free energy than the reactants. D) can only occur if there is an input of energy. E) All of the choices are correct.

D) can only occur if there is an input of energy..

Chapter 6, original question 10. FRONT: The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except A) a two to four degree increase in temperature. B) a vitamin. C) the presence of other enzymes. D) an increase in substrate concentration.

C) the presence of other enzymes..

Chapter 6, original question 11. FRONT: You are interrupted while eating some yogurt and you store the remaining yogurt in the refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has broken into several liquified areas. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. If you left the yogurt on the counter for another 24 hours, what would happen? A) The reaction will soon stop because the amount of saliva is small, and you would have to add more saliva to continue the degradation. B) The reaction will continue since the enzymes have plenty of substrate. Additionally, it would speed up since the enzymes are exposed to warmer temperatures. C) The reaction will stop because you have altered the environment and denatured the enzyme. D) The reaction will continue until half is digested and then stop because the

B) The reaction will continue since the enzymes have plenty of substrate. Additionally, it would speed up since the enzymes are exposed to warmer temperatures..

Chapter 6, original question 12. FRONT: In this pathway, B C is coupled with ADP ATP. Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic. A->B->C->D->E A) B C is endergonic and ADP ATP is exergonic. B) ADP ATP is endergonic and B C is exergonic. C) Both B C and ADP ATP are endergonic. D) Both B C and ADP ATP are exergonic.

B) ADP ATP is endergonic and B C is exergonic..

Chapter 6, original question 13. FRONT: An automobile engine is about 20 to30% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical energy. Cells are about 39% efficient in the transformation of glucose to ATP. The rest of the energy is lost as heat. This is illustrative of the A) first law of thermodynamics. B) second law of thermodynamics. C) the cell theory. D) third law of thermodynamics.

B) second law of thermodynamics..

Chapter 6, original question 14. FRONT: Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics? A) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. B) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. C) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. D) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. E) Energy can be created or destroyed and it cannot be changed from one form of energy to another.

A) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another..

Chapter 6, original question 15. FRONT: Which of the following is a true statement about enzyme inhibition? A) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme. B) In irreversible inhibition, a poison binds to the enzyme so that it can never work again. C) Most inhibitors act in a reversible fashion. D) In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme. E) All of the statements are true.

E) All of the statements are true..

Chapter 6, original question 16. FRONT: Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics? A) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. B) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. C) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. D) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. E) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter.

A) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs..

Chapter 6, original question 17. FRONT: _____ represent(s) the first reactant(s) of this metabolic pathway and _____ represent(s) the end product(s) of this pathway. A->B->C->D->E A) A; E B) B; E C) A and B; D and E D) A; D

A) A; E.

Chapter 6, original question 18. FRONT: During the conversion of glucose into a free form of energy only some of the energy is converted into usable ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy? A) The energy is converted into more glucose. B) The energy is converted to CO 2. C) The energy is released in H 2O. D) The energy is converted to heat.

D) The energy is converted to heat..

Chapter 6, original question 19. FRONT: Which of these statements is NOT a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics? A) While the total amount of energy is unchanged, the energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work. B) To maintain organization of a cell, a continual input of energy is required. C) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing. D) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system.

D) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system..

Chapter 6, original question 21. FRONT: Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy? A) a muscle contracting B) All of the above. C) food D) water in a dam

A) a muscle contracting.

Chapter 6, original question 24. FRONT: Which of the following scenarios accurately represents the second law of thermodynamics? A) As our bodyconverts glucose into ATP some of the energy is given off in the form ofheat. B) When we are coldour body shivers as a response to the decrease in body temperature. C) All of these are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. D) The temperatureof your car's engine begins to increase as you drive to work.

C) All of these are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics..

Chapter 6, original question 26. FRONT: Which of the following substrates is essential to an organism that utilizes photosynthesis? A) 6O 2 B) C 6H 12O 6 C) 6H 2O D) 6 carbon atoms

C) 6H 2O.

Chapter 6, original question 27. FRONT: Which of the following labels is incorrectly identified? A) B refers to the substrate-enzyme complex. B) C refers to the reactants. C) A refers to the products. D) D refers to the product.

D) D refers to the product..

Chapter 6, original question 28. FRONT: Which organelles are involved in a redox cycle? A) endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles B) Golgi complexes and lysosomes C) mitochondria and chloroplasts D) mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum E) vacuoles and vesicles

C) mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Chapter 6, original question 29. FRONT: What are the end products of photosynthesis? A) carbon dioxide and energy B) oxygen and NADP+ C) glucose and oxygen D) glucose and ATP E) carbon dioxide and water

C) glucose and oxygen.

Chapter 6, original question 30. FRONT: Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example? A) chemical energy: glucose B) kinetic energy: movement of muscles C) potential energy: ATP D) kinetic energy: fat molecules E) potential energy: water held behind a dam

D) kinetic energy: fat molecules.

Chapter 6, original question 32. FRONT: Which of the following is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics' governing energy? A) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. B) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds converts matter to energy. C) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that, eaten by you, becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle 'power.' D) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. E) You eat a 'quarter-pounder' hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of additional body weight on your body.

A) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat..

Chapter 6, original question 33. FRONT: ATP is considered to be A) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond. B) the precursor of a high-energy membrane-bounded protein. C) an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells. D) a coenzyme used to inhibit or activate different enzymes.

A) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond..

Chapter 6, original question 34. FRONT: Enzyme inhibition is the process that turns off an enzyme in a metabolic pathway. One way this can happen is for the end product of the pathway to act as an inhibitor. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 6, original question 35. FRONT: If a change in pH alters an allosteric site where an inhibitor binds, it would be possible for an enzyme-controlled reaction to occur as normal. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 6, original question 36. FRONT: If there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can expect that there A) is one enzyme that carries this process through to the end product. B) is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis. C) may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product. D) must be twelve different raw materials combined in the cell by one enzyme. E) are about twelve enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway.

E) are about twelve enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway..

Chapter 6, original question 37. FRONT: The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell constitute A) endergonic reactions only. B) exergonic reactions only. C) coupling reactions. D) metabolism. E) free energy.

D) metabolism..

Chapter 6, original question 38. FRONT: While we are sitting down to lunch, we are consuming _____ energy, which will then be converted into _____ energy as we work until dinner time. A) kinetic; free B) potential; kinetic C) potential; stored D) kinetic; potential

B) potential; kinetic.

Chapter 6, original question 40. FRONT: All of the following would denature a protein except A) a missing coenzyme. B) addition of a strong base. C) heating to temperatures above 100° C. D) addition of a strong acid.

A) a missing coenzyme..

Chapter 6, original question 41. FRONT: In the reaction NAD --> NADH, the NAD is _____, while the NADH is _____. A) reduced; oxidized B) oxidized; reduced C) reduced; reduced D) oxidized; oxidized

B) oxidized; reduced.

Chapter 6, original question 42. FRONT: Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together? A) When the product binds to the enzyme, the substrate changes shape to accommodate the reaction. B) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock. C) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.

D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction..

Chapter 6, original question 43. FRONT: The metabolic pathway below involves how many possible chemical reactions? A->B->C->D->E A) one B) six C) five D) four

D) four.

Chapter 6, original question 44. FRONT: Astrophysicists explain that eventually the sun will swell to become a red giant, engulf the earth, and 'burn out' with all forms of energy dispersing in a final 'heat death.' Compared with conditions today, the entropy of the universe then will A) remain the same because new energy will replace the energy destroyed. B) have increased greatly. C) remain the same because energy cannot be created or destroyed. D) have decreased greatly.

B) have increased greatly..

Chapter 6, original question 45. FRONT: C -> D is coupled with the reaction ATP->ADP. Based on this information the reaction C->D is _____. A->B->C->D->E A) endergonic B) spontaneous C) It cannot be determined from the information given. D) exergonic

A) endergonic.

Chapter 6, original question 46. FRONT: Lactose is milk sugar, and as infants, humans produce substantial amounts of the lactase enzyme to digest it. However, as we age, we soon lose some or even all of our lactase. In such cases, undigested lactose passes to the lower intestine where bacteria break it down into lactic acid and CO 2, causing painful gas and bloating. This problem could be avoided by A) consuming lactose in tablet form. B) taking lactase enzyme tablets or avoiding all dairy products. C) avoiding all dairy products containing lactose. D) taking any enzyme tablets when consuming dairy products. E) taking lactase enzyme tablets when consuming lactose products.

B) taking lactase enzyme tablets or avoiding all dairy products..

Chapter 6, original question 48. FRONT: Energy coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions within cells A) All of the choices are correct. B) permits energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions to occur in the same place, at the same time. C) utilizes ATP to carry energy between the energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions. D) uses energy released by one reaction to fuel the other reaction.

A) All of the choices are correct..

Chapter 6, original question 49. FRONT: Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration? A) oxygen and carbon dioxide B) glucose and carbon dioxide C) sunlight and glucose D) sunlight and oxygen E) glucose and oxygen

E) glucose and oxygen.

Chapter 6, original question 50. FRONT: Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is A) All of the choices are correct. B) used to drive another exergonic reaction. C) used to drive an endergonic reaction. D) lost as nonusable heat to the environment. E) used to decrease the entropy of the universe.

C) used to drive an endergonic reaction..

Chapter 6, original question 51. FRONT: Which of the following is an example of potential energy? A) a glass of milk B) an apple C) All are examples of potential energy. D) a Snickers bar

C) All are examples of potential energy..

Chapter 6, original question 52. FRONT: A living organism represents stored energy in the form of chemical compounds. When an organism dies, what happens to this stored energy? A) The chemical compounds remain exactly intact and ready to start up again unless digested by a consumer or decay organism. B) All chemicals immediately lose their high-energy bonds. C) All molecules immediately degrade into basic elements. D) All energy immediately leaves, and that is one manifestation that the organism is dead. E) The chemical compounds in cells lose their organization over time because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain the organized state.

E) The chemical compounds in cells lose their organization over time because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain the organized state..

Chapter 6, original question 53. FRONT: Which substrate is missing: 6CO 2 + _____ + energy = C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2? A) glucose B) 4H 2O C) 4O 2 D) 6H 2O

D) 6H 2O.

Chapter 6, original question 54. FRONT: The subunits from which ATP is made are A) ADP and NAD +. B) ADP and FAD. C) FAD and NADPH. D) FAD and NAD +. E) ADP and phosphate.

E) ADP and phosphate..